Secret Picture Box of Algeria

the secret picture box of Algeria

2010-09-28T14:13:00.001-07:00

I am so excited that so many new postcards are for sale on ebay. It makes me wonder if someone is dumping entire collections from libraries on ebay?

Algeria versus USA

2010-06-19T16:48:00.001-07:00

I am so excited about this upcoming game. I love Algeria and I am American....I am happy with this game anyway

Simplicity by the Sea.. Algerian recipes

2010-04-24T19:25:00.000-07:00

This is the simplicity by the sea blog spot... Its an awesome recipe spot

Simplicity By the Sea

2010-04-24T19:23:00.000-07:00

I love this new blog. Its called simplicity by the sea and has all kinds of Algerian recipes ,put together by an American girl who lives in Algeria and is married to an algerian. How wonderful?

http://simplicitybythesea.blogspot.com/

Summer time in Algeria

2010-02-21T05:41:00.000-08:00

I cant imagine anyone who wouldnt want to go to Algeria in the summer time. I wish someone would arrive with a lottery ticket and give me 3 plane tickets to Algeria. Will Algeria ever be cheap as far as airfare like the rest of Europe. ...? Its so depressing...

Algerian Suns and Pictorial History of Algeria

2010-02-07T19:58:00.001-08:00

I want to start writing a new book. These two books came out about 4 years ago and so much has happened in my life. I think I am waiting for life to settle in a little before I throw myself into another book. Algerian Suns still feels very fresh to me, even though it was 4 year ago that it arrived... I miss those days.. things felt alot easier then before I lost my son. I miss him so much. I love my other children but losing a child and every day having to go on feels impossible. I get told GET OVER IT.. move on but I dont seem to be able to .Maybe I am just one of those people who lives in their dreams but I miss him so.. I love my other children but I miss him so much

I bought some new postcards this week

2010-02-07T19:50:00.000-08:00

Its been a while since I bought any postcards. I think I am going to start posting some older pics here of Algeria so if by chance, anyone sees my blog, they can see some of the pictures that I adore. Alot of people that I know have no idea why I love to do what I do. I think its because not alot of Americans know alot about Algeria and its extremely fun to look at pictures and know when I do things, its like saving history

My beautiful Algeria

2010-02-07T09:37:00.001-08:00

I love you so much Algeria and Algerian people and I will never forget you or stop trying to preserve your memory

The importance of paying attention to history in Algeria

2010-02-07T09:31:00.001-08:00

There are so many items that are being sold on ebay and no central person archiving them or buying them for Algeria. I wish there was some kind of group like the national archives that is in washington that bought items and kept them in safe keeping for the Algerian people so that years from now , they had some kind of storage and hundreds and hundreds of things to display

Cheating Egyptians

2010-02-06T04:28:00.000-08:00

The Egyptians can only seem to win by cheating.. sneaky bastards... After what they have done to hurt Algerians...I am just so ashamed of them

kwoolr and my channel on youtube

2010-02-06T04:26:00.000-08:00

An Egyptian claimed copyright on an algerian music channel and got my channel flagged. I am rebuilding a channel called algerian history on youtube.Youtube did not investigate before they terminated my channel but I am able to repost

The new channel address is www.youtube.com/algerianhistory

My books are the same

ALGERIAN SUNS
PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ALGERIA

I was devastated but it just made my resolve stronger...

VIVE L ALGERIE

Authors@Google: Laila Lalami

2009-12-28T16:19:00.001-08:00

Laila Lalami in Santa Monica...

Secret Son BookSpot Trailer

2009-12-28T16:18:00.001-08:00

I am so proud of this writer. She is telling truths about Moroccan culture and showing all the sides, both beautiful and not so much in a way that only a daughter of the country can do.

Moroccan American Author, Laila Lalami, on Her Second Novel " Secret Son"

2009-12-28T16:11:00.001-08:00

Amazing author Laila Lalami...She talks about her identity as a Moroccan and how its not so simple to catagorize people

Chehilet Laayani or nice eyes, a traditional Algerian song

2009-11-22T17:30:00.001-08:00

Hanina by Faudel together with pictures from his native country Algeria

2009-11-19T06:47:00.001-08:00

I love this song by Faudel called Hanina. It means I am patient in Algerian darja

Beautiful Algeria and Best of Luck In Omdurman Sudan

2009-11-18T10:05:00.001-08:00

algérie egypte les photos des morts CHOUHADA que l'entv de mèrde n'a pas encore mentré!!! gravvv wine tssibo masri niko ye

2009-11-15T12:03:00.001-08:00

EGYPTIANS MURDERED ALGERIAN FOOTBALL FANS AND HAVE CONFISCATED CAMERAS

If love was enough

2009-10-28T17:24:00.000-07:00

If love was enough
If love was enough, I could right every wrong
I could hold you in my arms and pour my heart into you
My eyes are like a camera that have recorded every moment with you
And sometimes when you kiss me, I record with my eyes so I can watch the memory over and over again like a movie
If love was enough, we would not have lost so much
I could love you hard enough that all the pain would go away
If love was enough, we would never hurt, there would never be tears
I would give you my soul, my skin and my heart to make everything in your life whatever you dreamed
I would lay down my life for you, because you are my adored
And everything would be perfect
If love was enough

Algeria, tempesta di sabbia sulla transahariana, vicino a Ghardaia

2009-10-26T18:04:00.001-07:00

Harley Davidson in Algeria

2009-10-23T12:52:00.000-07:00

The year of magical thinking

2009-09-12T17:48:00.000-07:00

I read once about a writer who lost both her daughter and her husband in one year. I lost my baby and my best friend. She called the book THE YEAR OF MAGICAL THINKING

here with me

I try to find my center, my baby
And enjoy the time that I am here
But all I can think of
Is I wish you were here with me

Each holiday, each dinner
Each breese that blows by and I cant hold you
All I can dream of , all I desire
Is that you are
Here with me
So I hold the ones that you left behind, I love and nuture, caretake
and adore the others who are with me
But we are here without you Rayan and we miss you
And all I can wish for
Is that you should be
Here with me

Torture in the Algerian war (1954-62)

2009-09-12T08:17:00.000-07:00

Torture in the Algerian war (1954-62)

The Betrayal Review

2009-08-15T19:49:00.001-07:00

The Betrayal Review

Posted using ShareThis

L'Ennemi Intime - France in Algeria

2009-08-15T19:35:00.001-07:00

L'Ennemi Intime - France in Algeria

Posted using ShareThis

Unfinished Business: France's Colonial Liberators

2009-08-15T19:30:00.001-07:00

Unfinished Business: France's Colonial Liberators

Posted using ShareThis

One year in September

2009-08-13T13:30:00.001-07:00

I am coming up on my little boys birthday in a few weeks and as the days approach, I am overwhelmed with the complicity of life and death and how difficult it is to say goodbye...

Kathleen

Katchou

2009-08-13T13:21:00.000-07:00

Katchou, who is basically the Chaoui Cheb died in a car accident a few days ago.

This is KATCHOU

In Defense of Algeria

2009-07-15T10:01:00.000-07:00

I wanted to share a letter I got from a youtuber in Canada and my response to him

I wanted to share with you one email I got from a Canadian who travelled to Algeria in the 80's and wanted to know why I did not focus on Algeria's troubles.

Here is the email and here is John's Channel
http://www.youtube.com/user/Videomanjohn

Algeria
Date: Jul 14, 2009
Your You Tube pieces seem focus on the distant past, culture, sports and music of Algeria. What is your take on the political turmoil of the last 20 years, the FIS, GIA, etc.. What of the massacres and horrors of the Civil War? And, is Algeria today really a democracy?

As a Westerner do I have a skewed view of the country due to the a western anti Islamic bias in our press?

I know you love the country and I'm sure with justification, it's just that I'm curious how you contextualize its recent history.

Appreciate your thoughts if you are up for it.

Regards,
John

Here is my response

When I first came to youtube, or even knew of its existance which was about mid 2006, I started looking for things in English talking about Algeria's folklore and history and found absolutely nothing. I decided that that was reprehensible and decided to change things. I was shocked at the outpouring or response I got. I was deluged with comment after comment from people all over the world, from researchers and professors asking me for information and I had requests for certain types of videos. One by one, Algerians would give me suggestions for videos about certain figures or send me an mp3 to make a music video.
I decided to not delve into political matters or cover the civil war because there was so little coverage on the net of Algeria's history and figures and I honestly think that 12 years should not define a nation's history. This is a country that is thousands of years old with very little coverage in English and I just cannot waste time discussing things that Algeria is trying to get over and work through when there are so many positive things to talk about.
As far as Algeria being a democracy? I think Algeria is doing the very best it can considering what France did to it by burning all its libraries down,abusing and raping its people. Its a traumatised country and it will take time for things to level off and they are, year by year. My job is not to beat it up or make political statements. I feel my job is to find the beautiful things that have been lost through the years , and put them out for the world to see and show people who Algeria really is, behind the bad things that happened and that hope exists and that love is eternal..
I do what I do because there are Algerians in my life who saved me and for my son. I love Algeria and belong to her, no matter what has happened or happens to me. I have to do what I do because of this loyalty and love and no matter what happens, I know if I am in crisis or have trauma that someone Algerian will always be there for me. They are brothers in arms .. and understand loyalty and devotion. They are the most straight people I have ever met in my life and value people as they are and forgive a bad past and give people second chances. Only in Algeria , could a common thief Ali La Pointe, take a stand against an entire nation and become a hero. Even Houari Boumediene, was a fighter and if you look at Algeria as a whole, they are a nation of fighters... They as a nation never sold out to colonization and are fiercely independent , even today. They never lay down for any western country, they do exactly what they want when they want and you have to love them for that.. They run their own show and are lackeys for no one. In other words, Algerians do not "kiss ass" and that is an amazing quality. I love them for it.
I hope that answers your question John. I like your videos so much
Kathleen From Orlando

PICTORIAL HISTORY OF COLONIAL ALGERIA

2009-06-12T15:14:00.000-07:00

ALGERIAN SUNS

2009-06-12T15:12:00.000-07:00

I wanted to put in an updated link to my book ALGERIAN SUNS because a couple of people have asked me how to find it..

Here you go

Echorouk Online - Interpol hands over Belloumi a document rescinding international arrest warrant issued against him

2009-06-12T15:01:00.000-07:00

Echorouk Online - Interpol hands over Belloumi a document rescinding international arrest warrant issued against him: "The drama serial about the 'Belloumi affair' officially wound up yesterday after the rescinding by Interpol of an international arrest warrant issued against the former Algerian international football player wrongly implicated in a brawl in a Cairo hotel lounge during which an Egyptian doctor was seriously injured in his eye by a bottle broken end.

Lakhdar Belloumi who has always claimed his innocence in this unfortunate incident, which occurred 20 years ago, has now been cleared of all legal proceedings thanks to the reconciliation efforts undertaken by the higher Algerian authorities at the initiative of the President of the Republic Mr. Abdellaziz Bouteflika in collaboration with their Egyptian counterparts.

Getting rid at last of this long ordeal, Lakhdar Belloumi told 'Echorouk' that he was bracing now for a 'Omra' or small pilgrimage to the holy places of Islam in Saudi Arabia to thank and glorify Allah, God Almighty for this happy ending."

Beloumi and Interpol

2009-06-12T14:59:00.000-07:00

The President of the Algerian Olympic Committee, Mustapha Berraf, announced yesterday the final settlement of the famous case between the Algerian football star Lakhdar Belloumi and the Egyptian doctor ‘Ahmed Abdelmounaim.’ This case has disabled the Algerian football star, preventing him even leave the country because of the questionable case of aggression which had caused injury to the doctor.

The Egyptian doctor, ‘Ahmed Abdelhadi Abdelmounaim Ahmed,’ had filed a complaint in the Egyptian justice after being shot in the eye with broken glass, Belloumi accused of being the aggressor despite the presence of all Algerian players who had confirmed the innocence of the latter.

Despite this evidence, Egyptian Justice contacted Interpol issuing an international arrest warrant against the Algerian player, which has been denied leaving the national territory even to go to Mecca. The football star The World cup in Gijon in Spain in 1982 has long been affected by this situation.

The settlement of this case came after a conciliation meeting which took place last Tuesday in Cairo in presence of the President of the Egyptian Olympic Committee General Mounir Thabet and the President of the Algerian Olympic Committee Mustapha Berraf and the Egyptian doctor 'Abdelmounaim Ahmed Ahmed Abdelhadi,' according to a report signed by the presidents of two Olympic committees.

At the end of the conciliation meeting, Dr. Ahmed Abdelmounaim signed a letter in the presence of the presidents of the two Olympic committees (Algeria and Egypt), informing the Attorney General of Cairo of the withdrawal of any rights and any action against Lakhdar Belloumi according to the release.

In that letter, Dr. Abdelmounaim asks the Attorney General in Cairo to cancel the international arrest warrant issued by Interpol against Lakhdar Belloumi.

Furthermore, an agreement was signed to cancel any lawsuit between Dr. Abdelmounaim and the President of the Algerian Olympic Committee, being the representative of Lakhdar Belloumi in the presence of counsel for both parties.

It was also made the signature of an act of abandonment, published and registered in the court of ‘El Jadid’, regarding any criminal or civil prosecution proceedings against the former Algerian football star.

TIME LINE 1960 to 1962

2009-06-10T20:21:00.000-07:00

Marxists Internet Archive: History Archive: Algeria

Principal Dates and Time Line of
Algeria 1961-1962
From Timelines of History

1961 January 1 General Fernand Gambiez replaces General Crépin as Commander in Chief of the Army in Algeria.
January 8 French voters overwhelmingly approve General de Gaulle’s Algerian policy in a referendum. The measure is defeated in Algeria were 40% of the electorate obeys the FLN’s order to abstain.
January 8 - 15 Five hundred six rebels are put out of action during the week.
January 15 - 22 Seven hundred three rebels are put out of action during the week.
January 25 General Challe resigns as commander of NATO forces in eastern France and goes into retirement.
January 25 Pierre Popie, liberal lawyer and transporter of funds to the FLN, is killed by counter- terrorists.
February 8 A state of seige is declared in Algiers.
February 8 Twenty five people are killed and 84 wounded inFLN attacks in the Orania.
February 10 The Secret Army Organization (OAS) is founded in by Pierre Lagaillarde; Tassou Georgopoulos, former journalist of l'Echo d'Oran, owner of the Café Riche on the Place Villebois Mareuil and a staff sergeant in the Territorial Armies; garage owner George Gonzalès and Robert Tabarot, former boxer and nephew of the founder of Oran Républicain. Raoul Salan, the most decorated general in France will take charge of it soon after.
February 19 A rebel force is trapped by the French Army near Beni Smir in the Aïn Sefra region while attempting to flee into Morocco. Ninety six rebels are killed and 49 escape.
February 20 French negotiators led by Georges Pompidou meet with an FLN delegation led by Ahmed Boumendjel at Luzerne.
February 28 The first OAS pamphlet is distributed in Algeria and OAS posters appear on the walls of Algiers.
March 1 The FLN incites riots in Oran. Europeans are forced out of the city’s Moslem quarters.
March 3 Verdict is rendered in the Barricades Trial. All of the defendants present in the courtroom are acquitted but placed in administrative internment. Joseph Ortiz is sentenced in absentia to death. The other fugitives are sentenced in absentia to prison terms of 2 to 10 years. The leniency shown by the military tribunal leads to its replacement by the Court of State Security.
March 5 Meetings between French and FLN negotiators resume in Luzerne, Switzerland.
March 8 Twenty five Moslem deputies are expelled from the Gaullist Union pour La Nouvelle Repubique for dismissing the FLN’s claim to exclusively represent the Algerian people in the negotiations. March 30
The French secret services create the Algerian Democratic Action Front (FAAD) which is touted as an outgrowth of the MNA and likely to participate in negotiations on an equal footing with the FLN.
March 31 The Mayor of Evian is killed when an OAS bomb explodes outside his home.
March 31 The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic agrees to participate in talks at Evian.
April 5 The Algerian Democratic Action Front (FAAD) recruits henchmen among the North Africans in the Paris region to eliminate the leadership of the FLN in the capital and bomb the cafés frequented by known FLN sympathizers.
April 7 The Evian Conference opens. France attempts to bring the MNA and Algerian deputies into the talks but accepts the FLN demands that it be recognized as the exclusive representative of the Algerian people and only valid interlocutor when the FLN threatens to break off negotiations.
April 10 France implements a unilateral ceasefire. Military operations are suspended and replaced with patrols under orders to avoid confrontation.
April 20 The first natural gas from the Hassi R’Mel field in the Sahara reaches the Mediterranean coast by pipeline.
April 21 - 22 Two thousand armed insurgents gather in the Forest of Orléans outside Paris and another 400 in the Forest of Rambouillet where they prepare to join armored units and hussards for a march on the capital. They soon disband for lack of orders.
April 22 Generals Maurice Challe, Edmond Jouhaud, Marie André Zeller and Raoul Salan launch a putsch in Algiers.
0300 – The 1st REP, acting on orders from Commander Elie Denoix, seizes strategic locations in Algiers in a bloodless coup.
1915 – General Challe declares over the radio, “I am in Algiers with Generals Zeller and Jouhaud and in communication with General Salan to uphold our oath, the oath of the Army, to keep Algeria so that our dead will not have died for nothing. A Government of abandonment ...is today on the verge of definitively delivering Algeria to the external organization of the rebellion. ... Would you want Mers El-Kébir and Algiers to be Soviet bases tomarrow?...The Army will not fail in its mission and the orders that I would give you will never have any other goal.”
April 23 President de Gaulle delivers a televised address to the Army and the conscripts ordering them to disobey the orders of the putschists and to sabotage their arms.
April 24 Jean Claude Perez, future head of the OAS, is released along with the other French Algerian detainees from Téfechoune where he was interned for his activities during the Barricades of January 24, 1960.
April 25 French technicians conduct an unplanned test of a nuclear device at Reggane. Gerboise Vert, a Plutonium fission device, is hastily detonated to prevent it is possible capture by General Challe's mutineers. The yield, <1 kiloton, of this shot may have been intentionally compromised.
April 26 The Putsch fails and the insurgents retreat with the 1st Régiment Étranger Parachutiste to Zéralda 30 kilometers from Algiers.
April 26 General Challe surrenders to the authorities. Salan, Zeller and Jouhaud go underground.
April 27 General Petit, the Premier’s military cabinet chief, is dismissed and sentenced to 5 years in prison, in the wake of the putsch.
April 28 The 1st REP is disbanded, the legionnaires leave Zéralda Sidi Bel Abbes singing Edith Piaf’s song “Non je ne regrette rien” (No, I regret nothing).
April 28 Over 400 people, military and civilians, are arrested in France and Algeria.
April 29 A strict curfew is imposed on Algiers. Searches and identity checks commence at 8 p.m. The partisans of French Algeria employ a new psychological tactic: whenever they spot a military patrol during curfew, they tap “Al-gé-rie-fran-çaise” on a glass bottle until the patrol passes from view.
April 30 The 14th and 18th Régiment Coloniale Parachutiste and the Parachute Commando Group are disbanded.
May 4 The police and the Army in Algeria are reorganized.
May 4 The Algiers Bar Association is dissolved.
May 6 General Zeller surrenders to the military authorities in Algiers.
May 10 The French Government and the FLN announce that negotiations will open on May 20th in Evian.
May 13 Publication of three Algiers newspapers is suspended.
May 19 The OAS sets off 19 bombs in Algiers.
May 20 Negotiations between France and the FLN open in Evian.
May 20 France decides to undertake a unilateral truce.
May 20 6,000 FLN internees are released.
May 22 To counterbalance the FLN slogan, “The suitcase or the coffin”, the OAS adopts the propaganda slogan, “Neither suitcase nor coffin, one country.”
May 29 The trial of Generals Challe and Zeller begins.
May 31 Algiers commissioner Avoury, a specialist in the anti-OAS fight, is killed by an OAS commando.
June 1 The number of rebels put out of action during the preceding month is placed at 1,200.
June 2 Two hundred captains boo a colonel who hailed the failure of the Algiers Putsch off stage at Camp Valdahon in Doubs, France.
June 7 General Charles Ailleret replaces General Gambiez as Inter-Army High Commander.
June 9 Four people are killed and 54 wounded in FLN attacks throughout Algiers.
June 13 The Evian talks break down over the intransigence of the FLN in regards to sovereignty over the Sahara and departure of Europeans from Algeria.
June 15 Colonel Godard establishes the organizational structure of the OAS.
June 20 The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic calls to a resumption of negotiations.
June 20 General Nicot is sentenced to 12 years in prison for participating in the putsch.
June 21 General Gouraud is sentence to 7 years in prison for participating in the putsch.
June 28 President de Gaulle, speaking in Verdun, declares, “The Algerian War is finished. There remains the terrorism.” June 28
Colonel Lecomte is sentenced to 8 years in prison for participating in the putsch.
July 1 Moslems in Algiers go on strike.
July 5 Pro-FLN Moslems demonstrate in protest of French refusals to recognize the Sahara as a part of Algeria. Clashes with the forces of public order leave 81 demonstrators dead and 266 wounded.
July 11 Sentencing is concluded for participants in the Algiers Putsch:
Generals Salan, Jouhaud and Gardy and Colonels Argoud, Broizat, Gardes, Godard, Lacheroy and Commandant Vailly are sentenced in absentia to death.
Captain Sergent is sentenced in absentia to 20 years in prison.
Generals Challe, Zeller and Bigot – 15 years
General Nicot – 12 years
Generals Faure and Vaudrey and Commandant Hélie Denoix de Saint-Marc – 10 years
Colonels Masselot and Lecomte – 8 years
General Gouraud, Colonels de La Chapelle and Bernard Sabouret Garat de Nedde – 7 years
July 14 OAS attacks resume.
July 20 During a skirmish between the 22nd BCA and a rebel band near Bouira, Colonel Si Salah is found in shackles among the wounded. An official statement announces that he was killed as a combatant.
July 20 Negotiations with the FLN resume in Lugrin.
July 28 The Lugrin talks breakdown with the FLN holding firm on two points, sovereignty over the Sahara and guarantees to Algeria’s Europeans.
August 1 Algerian Affairs Minister Louis Joxe declares, “No matter what comes, we will all work so that the men and women of Algeria can build their future together.” But then emphasizes, “I am well constrained to ask what the declarations of intent in which our negotiators make the future of Algeria’s Europeans gleam with reference to association with France....are worth.”
August 2 Coup de Fréjac: The Premier warns the cabinet, “If the Government does not prepare for the evacuation and resettlement of the Pied Noirs in metropolitan France, it will bare a heavy responsibility.” The ministers refuse to listen. According to Boulin, “serious studies” show that the departure of 200,000 can be expected in three months following independence. In fact, more than a million leave by during the next year.
August 5 The one o’clock news program on Algiers television is interrupted by the first OAS pirate broadcast.
August 6 The 4th Congress of the FLN opens in Tripoli with 2 European sympathizers, Locusol (who will be killed by the OAS) and Chaulet, in attendance.
August 8 Si Mohamed, the last FLN protagonist of the Si Salah affair, is killed during the capture of the FLN radio station in a suburb of Blida by the 11th Shock Batallion.
August 16 The unilateral truce ends.
August 20 General Jouhaud takes charge of the OAS in the Oran region.
August 21 The first edition of an OAS pirate newspaper is published in Algiers. During the night an armed gang enters the printing plant of l’Écho d'Alger and replaces the paper’s frontpage with one composed by the OAS. Similar operations are repeated in Oran and Constantine.
August 27 Yusef Ben Khedda replaces Ferhat Abbas as leader of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic.
August 28 Representatives of the OAS meet secretly with those of the Algerian Democratic Action Front in suburban Oran.
August 31 A private radio station reports that the French special services have been in contact with the Oran OAS.
August 31 Commissioner Ouamri, leader of the anti-OAS brigades, is killed by an OAS commando.
September 5 President de Gaulle accepts the FLN position that the Sahara is an integral part of Algeria.
September 7 Maurice Gingembre, liaison agent for the OAS, is arrest on an airplane flying between Paris and Algiers by Colonel Debrosse of the Gendarmerie Mobile, while in possession of numerous documents which lead to the arrest of several members of the OAS hierarchy.
September 8 President de Gaulle survives an assassination attempt. A remote controlled bomb explodes on the Pont sur Seine as the General passes while en route to his home in Colombey-les-deux-églises. The attackers, who used a personal vehicle with the true plates, are quickly rounded up but the organizer, Colonel Bastien Theiry, will not be arrested until after another attack at Petit Clamart.
September 9 Authorities acting on information provided by the documents seized from Gingembre, arrest Colonel de Blinière and generals Vanuxem and Crèvecoeur.
September 21 The trial of General Faure for his role in the Paris Putsch ends. Faure is sentenced to 10 years in prison.
September 21 A new OAS pirate broadcast on the television delivers instructions for actions to be taken on the 23rd, 25th and 28th of September.
September 22 At 10 p.m. , in accordance with instructions from the OAS, Europeans take to the balconies and bang out the message, “Al-gé-rie-fran-çaise” on pots and pans in a noisy show of support.
September 23 At 6 p.m., on instruction of the OAS, a half hour of silence decends on the European quarters of Algiers. Window curtains and shutters are closed. No one speaks. Cars are parked. Pedestrians stand immobile in the doorways. At 6:30, a bugle sounds to announce the end of the demonstration.
September 25 During the night, hundreds of OAS signs, banners and Tricolors are hung from public buildings, harbor cranes and lampposts throughout Algeria.
September 25 Commissioner Alex Goldenberg, specialist in the anti-OAS fight, is killed by an OAS commando.
September 28 At noon, on instructions from the OAS, all civilian vehicles stop where they are, causing a massive traffic jam that paralyzes Algiers for half an hour.
October 1 Colonel Ahmed Rafa, a French citizen of native origin is promoted to General. He is request to take command of the Force Locale (ATO) but declines declaring that he is French and will remain so until death.
October 2 The OAS begins an offensive against the European milieu (mafia). Nearly all the Algiers gangsters will be killed.
October 5 The curfew for Algerian Moslems is reestablished in Paris.
October 9 At 1 p.m., the OAS takes over the television transmitter at Ouled Fayet near Algiers and broadcast the first of several pirate programs.
October 17 At the call of Maâmar Kaci, chief of FLN Wilaya I in France, 20 to 25,000 Moslem workers, immigrants from Algeria, demonstrate in Paris for an Algerian Algeria and the release of Ahmed Ben Bella. Clashes with the police leave a number of demonstrators dead or injured.
October 18 The FLN organizes further demonstrations in Paris to protest the police brutality of the previous day.
October 19 Five hundred of the 11,540 FLN sympathizers arrested during the Paris demonstrations are deported to Algeria.
October 20 The FLN launches 6 grenade attacks on the cafés of El Biar and at Maison Carrée near Algiers. One person is killed and 7 wounded when an FLN grenade explodes in the Café Château Neuf in El Biar at 8:10 p.m. Five minutes later a grenade explodes in the Café du Progrès wounding three people. Several more people are injured when a third grenade is thrown into the café a Saint Raphaël at 8:17 p.m.
October 21 The SDECE ceases support for the FAAD, with the militants threatened by the FLN, they have no other choice than to rally to the OAS.
October 25 François Mitterrand accuses the Government of seeking to negotiate a settlement to the Algerian crisis with parties other then the FLN during an address to the National Assembly.
October 31 Commissioner Louis Pelissier is killed by an OAS commando.
November 1 Twenty five people are killed and 100 injured in demonstrations organized by the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic and the Army of National Liberation to mark the 7th anniversary of the uprising.
November 1 Ahmed Ben Bella and his compatriots begin a hunger strike demanding they be treated as political prisoners.
November 7 The French nuclear testing program moves to the Oasis Military Test Center, an underground site, at In Ecker in the Hoggar region about 150 kilometers north of Tamanrassett. The first test conducted there is codenamed Agate.
November 7 The Mouvement Pour la Communauté (MPC) becomes the Mouvement Pour la Cooperation but its real goal is to fight against the OAS.
November 9 The National Assembly rejects the Valentin Amendment aka the Salan Amendment which calls for a reduction in term of service to 18 months for conscripts from metropolitan France and the mobilization of 8 military classes in Algeria.
November 10 René Joubert, commissioner of the anti-OAS brigades, is killed in a barroom by an OAS commando while celebrating his impending departure from Algeria.
November 12 Four policemen are killed during an attack by OAS commandos in the Rue Michelet, Algiers.
November 13 Members of the MPC bomb three downtown Algiers bars suspected of being gathering spots for the OAS.
November 13 A patrol of legionnaires is ambushed near Géryville. Five men are killed and seven are wounded.
November 14 Ahmed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners are transferred to Garches.
November 15 The MPC bombs three more downtown Algiers bars during the afternoon.
November 20 Ahmed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners end their hunger strike.
November 20 William Levy, Chairman of the Algiers section of the French Socialist Party (SFIO), is killed by an OAS commando.
November 22 The OAS sets off 18 explosive devices in Paris during the night.
November 27 FLN member Gueboub Boualen murders suspected OAS supporter Roger Falip.
December 4 Abdherramane Farés, future President of the Provisional Executive, is arrested on suspicion of collecting funds for the FLN.
December 4 A pro-French demonstration in Constantine draws 5,000 people.
December 5 The anti-OAS SAC and MPC brigades arrive in Algiers. At the same time, 200 police inspectors assigned to “Mission C” arrive by special plane and establish headquarters at the police academy in Hussein Dey near Algiers.
December 6 The cabinet issues a decree disbanding the OAS.
December 7 The OAS set off a small plastic bomb outside Saint Joseph’s church in Bab el Oued to protest the pastor’s pro-FLN position. December 8
Captain Abdelaziz Bouteflika, under a false Moroccan identity, visits the prisoners at the Château d'Aulnoy, to persuade Ben Bella to side with Boumediene against the GPRA’s willingness to negotiate.
December 9 French and FLN negotiators meet at Lons le Saunier in the Jura.
December 12 President de Gaulle issues an amnesty to 2,500 FLN members.
December 14 The OAS sinks an LST housing a French military radio relay transmitter in the port of Algiers. A sailor is killed in the explosion.
December 15 Alain Peyrefitte formulates a plan for the partition of Algeria at the request of President de Gaulle.
December 16 Colonel Ranson, head of military intelligence in Oran, is killed by the OAS.
December 19 Paris police break up an anti-OAS demonstration injuring hundreds among the crowd of nearly 20,000.
December 24 The OAS attacks the Algiers headquarters of the SAC and MPC anti-OAS brigades with bazookas and automatic weapons.
December 26 A repatriation law is enacted. 969,216 residents of Algeria become eligible for repatriation to metropolitan France.
December 28 Twenty one French soldiers are killed in an ambush.
1962 January 3 Philippe Castille, perpetrator of the bazooka attack on General Salan in 1957, who joined the OAS after escaping, is arrested once more in Paris.
January 3 Nineteen people are killed during the night in clashes between the OAS and FLN at Oran.
January 4 A lieutenant from the 43rd Infantry Regiment deserts to the OAS with his company’s arms.
January 4 An OAS terrorist cell attacks the Paris headquarters of the Communist Party.
January 7 An OAS cell enters the Satory Army base and seizes arms and ammunition.
January 8 Colonel Château Jaubert rejoins the OAS and takes command of the organization in Constantine.
January 9 Father Davezies trial on charges of aiding the FLN opens.
January 11 FLN and OAS terrorist stage 8 attacks in Algiers.
January 18 OAS terrorists launch 17 attacks in Paris.
January 19 Two leaders of the Algiers OAS are executed by their peers for contacting the French authorities to arrange negotiations on Alain Peyrefitte’s partition plan.
January 22 The French Foreign Office on the Quai d'Orsay, Paris is bombed by the OAS.
January 24 Algiers observes a five minute silence in memory of those who died on the barricades on January 24, 1960. At 6 o’clock in the afternoon on instructions from the OAS, the city’s European quarters fall silent.
January 25 Military posts in the Bled are closed and the troops withdraw to the coast.
January 27 Negotiations between the French and the FLN resume.
January 29 La Villa d'Andréa, command post of the counter-terrorist SAC in Algiers, is destroyed by an OAS bomb. The blast kills 21 people including 2 OAS prisoners being held in the cellar of the collapsed building.
February 1 A new SAC counter-terrorist squad arrives in Algiers and sets up headquarters in La Villa Raja.
February 2 Colonel Godard and Captain Pierre Sergent (OAS) are sentenced to 20 years in prison in absentia.
February 7 Algiers Gendarmes Mobiles, acting on intelligence reports, kill Captain Pivain of the OAS.
February 7 An FLN commando machine guns the entrance to the Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers killing one high school student and wound several others.
February 8 An anti-OAS demonstration organized by the Communist Party draws 10,000 protesters into the Place de la Bastille, Paris. Police charge the crowd killing 8 people including 3 women and a 16 year old boy who vainly sought refuge in the Charonne Metro station. 140 police are injured in the melee.
February 10 Si Azedine reorganizes the Algiers Autonomous Zone which had been broken up by General Massu.
February 11 A week of negotiation between French officials and the FLN begins in Rousses. The French negotiators argue unsuccessfully in favor of granting the benefits of Algerian citizenship to the Pied Noirs.
February 14 Police and OAS supporters clash in Algiers and Oran.
February 15 OAS commandos attack La Villa Raja headquarters of the SAC with bazookas and automatic weapons killing a number of the counter-terrorists and wound several more. Several of the wounded SAC men are killed by another OAS gang when their car arrives at Maillot hospital in Bab el Oued.
February 19 The OAS bombs the FLN camp at Oujda, Morocco using two T28 planes taken from a French base at Senia near Oran.
February 22 FLN attacks on European civilians in Algiers leave 23 people dead.
February 24 Delegate General Jean Morin instructs the prefects by telegram, “The French Republic will uphold the French nationality of all in Algeria who currently possess it and have not expressed the desire to renounce it.” February 25
The OAS kills 68 Moslem civilians in retaliation for the February 22nd FLN attacks that left 23 Europeans dead. A 4 p.m. curfew is imposed on Algiers.
February 27 OAS commandos attack the Maison Carré barracks of the Gendarmes Mobiles in suburban Algiers destroying the fuel and munitions depots.
February 27 The French Government information office issues a bulletin on the cease fire indicating that, “Nearly all the French will remain in Algeria after independence.”
March 1 Two OAS car bombs explode in the Moslem quarter of Oran killing 23 people and wounding 32.
March 2 OAS commandos enter the prisons at Algiers and Oran and kill several FLN prisoners.
March 2 A government circular specifies that on the day after the cease fire begins, two categories of people will be amnestied: Algerian Moslems who have participated in the FLN uprising and members of the French military who have committed infractions during the course of their missions.
March 5 The OAS sets off over 130 explosive devices in Algiers during the night.
March 7 The Evian Negotiations begin.
March 11 Measures to be taken for the reception and classification of French repatriates in Metropolitan France are officially published.
March 13 Michel Debré responding to General Ailleret’s question asking whether Algerian Moslems will lose their French citizenship automatically declares; "Yes, if they remain in Algeria but if they come to metropolitan France they will be able to reclaim French nationality and to benefit from the assistance to the repatriates."
March 15 Berber writer Mouloud Feraoun is killed along with 5 other people by the OAS at Beau-fraisier between Bab el Oued and El Biar.
March 16 A gang holds up the Bata shoe warehouse in Bab el Oued and carries off several hundred pairs for the OAS maquis.
March 18 The Evian Accords are signed by Belkacem Krim for the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic and Louis Joxe, Robert Buron and Jean de Broglie for France.
March 18 The FLN becomes a legal political party.
March 19 A ceasefire is declared in Algeria at noon.
March 19 Abderhamane Farés, FLN treasurer, is freed from prison.
March 19 Christian Fouchet is named French High Commissioner in Algeria.
March 20 Abderahman Farés is nominated to be President of the Provisional Executive in Algeria.
March 20 Ahmed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners are released from detention at Aulnoy.
March 20 Algiers and Oran are paralyzed for 24 hours by an OAS general strike.
March 20 In Médéa, an officer of the ALN declares publicly: "OAS or no OAS, we do not want any more a French in Algeria."
March 21 The OAS issues an ultimatum to the Army prohibiting the later from armed entry into Bab el Oued as of March 23rd at midnight.
March 21 Clashes between Harkis and the FLN at Saint Denis du Sig leave 100 people dead.
March 22 The OAS fires 6 mortar shells on the Place du Gouvernement below the Algiers Casbah killing 24 and wounding 55 Moslem civilians.
March 22 An OAS squadron attacks an armored patrol of the Gendarmrie Mobile in the heart of Algiers. Eighteen policemen are killed and 25 others wounded.
March 22 An amnesty decree for FLN convicts is published.
March 23 An OAS gang robs the Bank of Algeria at Oran of 2,140,315,000 old francs.
March 23 In Bab el Oued several military patrols are disarmed by commandos of the OAS. A shootout between an Army patrol and rebels manning an OAS checkpoint on the Place Desaix leaves dead and wounded among the soldiers. At noon the Army imposes a total blockade on the quarter and calls in tanks and air support during the ensuing battle which leaves 17 dead and 97 wounded from the ranks of the forces of public order. Among the rebels and civilian populace, 18 are killed and 55 wounded. The inhabitants of Bab el Oued, who return to work are stopped and interned in the camps recently emptied of prisoners FLN.
March 24 During the night, nearly 20,000 police surround Bab el Oued. A permanent curfew is imposed on the quarter. All telecommunications are cutoff. The residents are confined to their home except for women who are allowed out for one hour between 9 and 10 a.m. The Army is ordered to fire without warning on violators.
March 24 At 8 a.m. with many of the building terraces of Bab el Oued occupied by soldiers, a shot is fired from a building on the Rue Mizon at police patrol in the street below. The gendarmes respond by showering the surrounding buildings will heavy machinegun fire for over half an hour.
March 25 Algerian deputies Abdesselam and Djebour receive a message from the provisional executive declaring them servants of colonialism and announcing their death sentence issued by the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic.
March 25 General Jouhaud, Naval Lieutenant Guillaume and Commander Camelin are arrested in Oran.
March 26 A massive demonstration of support for the besieged quarter of Bab el Oued is organized in Algiers. The procession enters the Rue d’Isly proceeded by the Tricolor and la Marseillaise where a regiment of Tirailleurs Algériens opens fire on the demonstrators killing 46 and wounding 200. March 27
A United Nations report estimates that 263,000 Algerian Moslems face political persecution if Algeria becomes independent.
March 28 An OAS maquis is established in the Ouarsenis.
March 29 The blockade of Bab el Oued is lifted. 7,500 apartments were search and ransacked. 15,000 residents have been stopped and interned for identity checks.
March 30 The OAS establishes a National Council of the Resistance (CNR) under the presidency of Georges Bidault.
March 31 Desertions from the French Army total 1,670 for the month of March.
April 1 Si Azedine, head of the FLN Algiers Autonomous Zone, delivers safe conduct passes to the French Army allowing its patrols to enter the Moslem quarters of the city.
April 2 The Europeans population begins a mass exodus from the Algeria. They must have an exit visa and wait several days for a boat or plane to leave the country at their own expense, the French government having not foreseen the need to finance resettlement. The Pied Noirs leave behind 600 cemeteries and 300,000 graves.
April 5 The 15,000 residents of Bab el Oued who were arrested during the blockade are released.
April 7 Lieutenant Roger Degueldre, head of the OAS Delta commandos is arrested in Algiers.
April 7 Louis Joxe addresses a note to the French High Commissioner Christian Fouchet, “We should not hesitate to gather and protect those (Harkis) who would be threatened and if necessary transport them to the metropolis.” April 8
The Evian Accords are approved by 90.7% of the voters in a referendum conducted in metropolitan France.
April 9 The OAS launches a grenade and mortar attack on the Summer Palace at Algiers around 11 p.m.
April 10 The ATO, a local force composed of armed Moslems, begins patrolling and making stops for identity checks. They will not enter the European strongholds of Bab el Oued in Algiers, Ekmule in Oran or Saint Eugene until June 25th.
April 11 After a brief period of success, the OAS guerrillas in the Ouarsenis region are wiped out by the FLN and the French Army which enjoys the advantage of air support. A captain, 7 officers and 46 men of the OAS are captured.
April 12 The FLN announces the first mass expulsion of Europeans. Nearly 6,000 are to be displaced.
April 13 Abderahmane Farès presides over the first meeting of the provisional executive council.
April 13 General Edmond Jouhaud is found guilty and sentenced to death.
April 14 The Government of Premier Michel Debré resigns.
April 14 Two French soldiers are killed and 3 wounded in a skirmish with FLN rebels near Géryville. Twenty six rebels are killed and 5 captured.
April 17 General Fourquet replaces General Ailleret as Commander in Chief of the Army in Algeria.
April 19 The Cabinet rejects a proposal for a general repatriation of the Harkis.
April 20 General Salan and Captain Jean Ferrandi (OAS) are arrested in Algiers.
April 26 Premier Georges Pompidou assures the National Assembly that, “All necessary provisions will be taken to prevent reprisals after Algeria gains independence.” April 29
The Government of Georges Pompidou takes office.
May 1 Beryl, the second underground nuclear test at the Oasis Military Test Center, ends with an accidental release of radioactive fallout to the atmosphere. The French will continue to test nuclear weapons at the site for another three years before moving the program to Muaroa Atoll in Polynesia.
May 2 A car bomb explodes in the port of Algiers killing 60 and wounding 135 Moslem dockworkers.
May 5 André Canal aka Le Monocle, head of the OAS in metropolitan France, is arrested.
May 6 An OAS commando opens the valves of a gasoline tanker parked on the heights above the Algiers Casbah. Quick intervention by European firemen saves the Moslem quarter from conflagration.
May 8 A National Assembly deputy reports that General Katz, military commander of Oran, has remarked, “Give me a battalion of the ALN and I will reduce the OAS to Oran.” May 11
Terrorist attacks in Algiers during the preceding week have claimed the lives of 230 Moslems and 11 Europeans.
May 12 Army officers are ordered not to take individual initiative in matters related to the repatriation of the Harkis.
May 13 The OAS distributes forged exit visas to Europeans allowing them to leave Algeria.
May 14 FLN commandos stage grenade and machine pistol attacks against several Algiers bars. Seventeen European civilians are killed and 35 wounded.
May 15 OAS commandos respond to the FLN attacks by killing 56 and wounding 37 Moslem civilians in Algiers. A 6 p.m. curfew is imposed on the city.
May 15 The trial of OAS leader General Raoul Salan begins in Paris.
May 16 Raoul Salan delivers his opening remarks to the tribunal declaring, “I need only render an account to those who suffered and died for having believed in a disavowed word and betrayed engagements.” May 16
Si Azedine, leader of the Algiers Autonomous Zone, holds a press conference to announce that the FLN will continue attacks on Europeans as long as the OAS continues to attack Moslems.
May 17 The 7th Régiment de Tirailleurs Algériens leaves Algeria and is stationed at Épinal, France.
May 18 François Mitterrand, testifying at the trial of Raoul Salan, blames Michel Debré for the 1957 bazooka attack on the General. Debré denies the allegation.
May 18 Jean Jacques Susini meets with Abderahman Farés, President of the Provisional Executive in Algeria, to discuss an OAS – FLN ceasefire.
May 18 Bachaga Boualam leaves Algeria for France with his Harkis and their dependents.
May 20 One hundred twelve Pied Noir and pro-French Algerian police officers are transferred to metropolitan France at the request of the FLN.
May 22 The freedom to leave Algeria without an exit permit is granted to the women, children under the age of 19 years and men over the age of 65.
May 23 General Salan is found guilty by the High Court and sentenced to life in prison.
May 26 The first reception camp for Harkis in metropolitan France is opened at Larzac.
May 27 An ordinance dissolves the High Court. The move follows criticism of the Court’s lenient sentence in the Salan case. May 30
The Court of Military Justice is instituted.
May 31 OAS leader Jean Jacques Susini declares a truce.
June 3 Twenty seven farm workers including 8 Europeans are kidnapped by the FLN at Birtoutat, 20 kilometers from Algiers.
June 4 The Court of Cassation rejects the appeal of General Edmond Jouhaud and Sergeant Albert Dovecar who are sentenced to death for their participation in the OAS.
June 5 From his prison General Jouhaud, calls for an end to OAS operations.
June 7 Two OAS members; Sergeant Albert Dovecar and Claude Piegts, a Pied Noir civilian, are shot by a firing squad at the Fort of Trou d'Enfer.
June 11 General de Larminat, Gaullist President of the Court of Military Justice, who believes the soldiers cause is lost, commits suicide so as, “not to have to condemn brilliant soldiers.”
June 11 OAS attacks resume. The University of Algiers library is destroyed in a fire.
June 14 General Ginestet and Colonel Mabille are killed by the OAS in Oran.
June 15 An OAS truck bomb claims 40 civilian and military casualties and heavily damages the Algiers city hall.
June 17 Jean Jacques Susini of the OAS and Chouki Moustefai of the FLN reach an accord.
June 19 General Salan, imprisoned at Fresnes, approves the OAS - FLN accords.
June 19 The curfew is lifted in Algeria.
June 20 Eighteen hundred Moslem auxiliaries replace 1,500 European police.
June 20 Ahmed Ben Bella and Houari Boumediene reject the OAS – FLN accords. June 21
The forces of public order are prohibited from intervening in favor of persons threatened by the new regime in Algeria.
June 25 The OAS sets fire to the British Petroleum fuel depot in the port of Oran. The fire burns for three days.
June 26 Belkacem Krim, who favors allowing the European colons to remain in Algeria, clashes with Ahmed Ben Bella and Houari Boumedienne, who join Yuossef Ben Khedda in opposition.
June 27 Abderahmane Farès' provisional executive resigns.
June 27 The last OAS pirate broadcast appears on Oran televisions.
June 27 General Paul Gardy, who replaced Raoul Salan as leader of the OAS, leaves Algeria for Spain with his staff. OAS resistance ends in Algeria.
June 28 Lieutenant Roger Degueldre, leader of the OAS Delta commandos, is sentenced to death by the Court of Military Justice.
June 30 Ahmed Ben Bella breaks with the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic.
July 1 Algerians approve the Evian Accords in a referendum by a vote of 5,993,754 to 16,478.
July 1 Messali Hadj dissolves the MNA and announces the formation of the Party of the Algerian People (PPA) with the professed aim, “to perfect the independence of Algeria and to build the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian Republic.” He will not be permitted to return to Algeria.
July 3 France recognizes Algerian independence. National identity cards issued in Algeria are declared void. French Algerians of indigenous origin automatically become Algerian citizens. Those wishing to retain French citizenship must leave Algeria and request reintegration from a court in France.
July 4 The Provisional Government of the Republic of Algeria assumes power in Algiers under the presidency of Youssef Ben Khedda.
July 4 Moslem army units throughout Algeria desert en masse taking arms and equipment with them.
July 5 Algerian independence is proclaimed by the Provisional Government after a two day delay so that the declaration would coincide with the 132nd anniversary of the French conquest of Algiers.
July 5 The French National Assembly revokes the parliamentary immunity of Georges Bidault, the President of the CNR.
July 5 European civilians are massacred in Oran. Nearly a thousand people are killed, injured or disappear. French troops obey General Katz’s orders not to intervene.
July 5 The headline of France Soir proclaims, “AFTER 132 YEARS ALGERIA IS NO LONGER FRENCH”.

TIME LINE 1958 to 1960

2009-06-10T20:19:00.000-07:00

Marxists Internet Archive: History Archive: Algeria

Principal Dates and Time Line of
Algeria 1958-1960
From Timelines of History

1958 January 2 Four people are killed in terrorist attacks at Sidi Bel Abbes. Salesman Isaac Azoulay and Sadia Portache are stabbed to death in separate incidents. Mr. Korchia, the proprietor, and customer Mireille Lopez are killed when a grenade is thrown into a grocery store.
January 5 FLN training camps are established in Egypt, Syria, Libya and Iraq adding to those already existing in Morocco and Tunisia.
January 6 Five people including two children ages 6 and 8 are wounded by a grenade explosion on bus in Bône.
January 10 The 2nd Régiment Parachustiste Coloniale loses 11 men including 3 who die from exposure during an operation in the mountains of Wilaya 4.
January 10 Two automobiles are machine-gunned in Tlemcen. André Emile Thibault, a corporate manager and assistant to the Mayor of Eugène-Etienne and 18 year old Emile Dinae are killed.
January 11 ALN units based at Sakiet Sidi Youssef, Tunisia cross the border and annihilate a French patrol. The rebels kill 14 French soldiers and take 5 prisoners before returning to Tunisia.
January 16 Ten people are wounded when a bomb explodes in the Préfecture in Melun, France. The device was planted near an office issuing visas for travel to North Africa.
January 17 A French airplane is shot down over the ALN base at Sakiet Sidi Youssef, Tunisia.
January 18 The Slovenia, a Yugoslav freighter carrying 150 tons of arms and ammunition, is seized by the French Navy off Oran.
January 19 Four people are killed and 41 wounded when a bomb explodes on the terrace of the Café de France in Sidi Bel Abbes.
January 20 Mr. Mallet and his 10 year old daughter Marie France are killed in a drive by machine-gunning at Sidi Bel Abbes. Mrs. Mallet and 7 year old Eliane Soussan are wounded in the attack.
January 20 Gendarme Delecamphe and his 6 year old son Gérard are killed when their car is ambushed along the highway in Guelma.
January 20 Two men are killed when a convoy of miners is attacked at Beni Saf.
January 22 The UGEMA (General Union of Algerian Moslem Students) which supports the FLN is dissolved.
January 22 Lieutenant Dubos, a prisoner of the FLN is shot near Bougie.
January 24 Colonel Jeanpierre’s 1st Régiment Étranger Parachustistes launches an operation against rebels on the Tunisian border. Five legionnaires and 92 rebels are killed in the ensuing battle. January 26
Charbit Saïd, a 52 year old tailor, is killed and 8 others are wounded by the explosion of a delayed action bomb in Beni Saf.
January 26 Seven people including 6 soldiers are killed when their truck hits a mine near Batna.
January 28 Abdelkader, the 22 year old son of Bachagha Boualam, is murdered by the rebels in the Ouarsenis.
January 31 FLN income from voluntary and extorted contributions reaches 600 million francs per month.
January 31 Casimir Chini, age 75, is shot in the head and killed at Blida.
February 2 Forty one people are wounded in a bomb attack on the Monoprix store in Constantine.
February 2 Madame Boyer is killed beside her husband, a mechanic, on the road to the Planetti Farm near Bougie.
February 4 The eastern outpost of the 8th Régiment Spahis Algérien is overtaken by FLN rebels. The Moslem soldiers are executed. The 15 Europeans are taken prisoner.
February 5 An FLN bomb explodes outside the French National Assembly in Paris.
February 6 Two people are killed in an exchange of shots between Algerians in Paris.
February 6 A cache of bombs and firearms is uncovered in the home of a Moslem in Lyon, France.
February 6 Seven members of an FLN tribunal are arrested in Douai, France.
February 8 French aircraft bomb the Tunisian village of Sakiet Sidi Youssef in reprisal against the FLN which flees to Tunisia after attacks against the French in Algeria. Sixty nine people are killed including several women and children.
February 9 Michel de Cara, his wife and two children are kidnapped and murdered by a band of rebels at Sidi Bel Abbes.
February 14 Seven people are injured when a missile hits the Municipal Casino in Constantine.
February 16 Industrialist Joseph Martinez is murdered by the terrorists at Lourmel.
February 21 Paris police arrest 277 Algerian Moslems including 102 members of the FLN’s network in the southern zone of the city. February 21
Sheik Ahmed Ameziane Mohamed, Iman of the Birmandreis Mosque, is killed by a terrorist in Algiers.
February 21 A 44 year old bridge and road worker is murdered in El Ouricia.
February 28 Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba orders a dozen French nationals expelled from Bizerté.
February 28 José Fuentes, Jean and Henri Grimal are murdered on their farms near Oran.
March 3 The first tanker of Saharan crude oil leaves Philippeville for metropolitan France.
March 3 Eight members of a Moslem family including four women and two children are massacred by a rebel gang at Metcha Chabersas near Constantine.
March 3 René Gros and Hamalaoui Bendjema are kidnapped during an attack on a convoy in the Constantine.
March 13 A large convoy carrying arms to the rebels is intercepted at Maillot.
March 14 The Paris Prefect of Police, Lahillonne, resigns and is replace by Maurice Papon, the Prefect of Constantine.
March 16 A French company is ambushed near Oued Foda in the Ouarsenis. The mutilated bodies of 28 men are recovered later. Five others have disappeared.
March 17 A combined air and ground assault on rebel bases along the Tunisian border kills 122 insurgents.
March 17 The Department of Bougie is organized around the city and four neighboring arrondissements taken from the Department of Sétif and the arrondissement of Djidjelli taken from the Department of Constantine.
March 17 The Department of Saïda is formed from the Telagh arrondisement of Oran, the Saïda arrondissement of Tiaret and the arrondissements of Ain Sefra, Géryville and Mecheria in the Saharan territories.
March 17 The arrondissement of Barika is taken from the Department of Batna and attached to that of Sétif.
March 17 The arrondissement of Tebessa is taken from the Department of Bône and attached to that of Batna.
March 19 Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba declares, “There are no Algerian rebels on Tunisian territory.” March 19
A grenade is thrown into a jewelry store in Morsott. One woman is killed and another wounded.
March 20 Twenty three men from the 18th Régiment Parachustiste Coloniale are killed in an ambush.
March 22 Colonel Si Cherif and his Harkis inflict heavy loses on the FLN during an operation in the Djebel Belgroune.
March 22 Charles Cartannaz, a 67 year old waiter at the Café Amouchas in Sétif, is murdered in his establishment.
March 22 Mathieu Rubio is killed in an attack on his farm near Oran. Rebels slit the 70 year old farmer’s throat. March 24
An FLN tribunal tries two retired Indigenous Affairs Officers in absentia and sentences them to death.
March 25 Raymond Lupinacci, head of cultivation on the Oued Kebir Estate near Bône, is cut down by machinegun fire.
March 26 Thirty one people including 11 children are killed when a terrorist throws a bomb into a crowd watching the motorcade of newly arrived Prefect Mr. Chapel pass along the Rue Caraman in Constantine.
March 30 Sixteen people including 10 children are wounded when a grenade is thrown into a market at Palestro.
March 30 A grenade explosion injures 14 people in Constantine.
March 30 The Martinez farm near Mascara is looted. Mr. Martinez, his wife and two daughters, ages 9 and 12, are kidnapped.
March 31 The headquarters of the Radical Republican and Radical Socialist Party in Montebello is heavily damaged by a bomb explosion.
April 1 Berki Aissa, President of the War Veterans Association, is mortally wounded by a bullet at Ain Beida.
April 1 Bernard Sadeler, Mayor of Clauzel, is killed in Guelma.
April 1 Mr. Montiel, a Cherchel farm manager, is murdered in front of his wife and 13 year old son.
April 5 Thirty people, 5 Europeans and 25 Moslems, are wounded in a grenade attack at Constantine.
April 5 A grenade explosion in Sétif wounds 4 Europeans and a Moslem.
April 8 Moulay Mostefa, Vice President of the Délégation Spéciale in Médéa is mortally wounded.
April 8 The President of the Délégation Spéciale in Chetouane is found murdered.
April 9 Félix Vallat, President of the Délégation Spéciale in Thiersville, and his wife are killed and two of their three children are wounded in an attack at Mascara.
April 9 A grenade attack in Jemmapes injures 3 European civilians and a soldier.
April 10 Sixty three year old farm manager Bernard Barcello is killed in field near Douaouda.
April 12 Six members of the Lambese Délégation Spéciale are savagely murdered in Batna.
April 13 A grenade explosion in Constantine injures 12 people.
April 13 Tlemcen landowner Jean Segura and his son Jean Antoine are killed along the road to Oran. The pregnant wife of the later is kidnapped by the killers.
April 14 Eight Algerian football players leave France to form an FLN team and go on a propaganda tour.
April 15 The Government of Premier Félix Gaillard resigns.
April 15 Raymond Notella, an engineer for Electricité et Gaz d’Algérie, is killed in a workshop at Djendjen. April 15
Farmer Clément Greck is killed by a rifle shot at Morris.
April 15 Farmer Jean Augier is killed while driving his car near Djidjelli.
April 17 A grenade is thrown at the American consulate in Algiers by members of the Mouvement Indépendant Français, a European counterterrorist organization.
April 20 Colonel Bigeard’s School of Subversive Warfare opens at Jeanne d'Arc near Philippeville. April 21
A Birtouta café owner is wounded by a terrorist grenade.
April 24 Madame Martin Gabriel is killed with an ax on her farm near Mascara.
April 25 A bomb explosion outside the Sub- Préfecture in Bayonne, France is followed by an attack against the central police station.
April 25 Three French conscripts captured by the FLN during an ambush on November 1, 1956 are executed in Tunisia.
April 26 70,000 people march in the streets of Algiers demanding a government of public safety.
April 27 A 1,000 man strong battalion of the ALN crosses the electrified fence along the Tunisian border south of Souk Ahras. A week long battle with French forces ends with 673 rebels killed and 45 captured. French losses total 87 dead and 131 wounded.
April 28 Kobus, the leader of Force K, a Moslem guerilla unit hostile to the FLN and armed by the French, is killed by his adjutant Ismail Rachid Rabah, who deserts to the FLN carrying the head of Kobus and 500 members of the battalion along with him. A 150 man company remains with the French.
April 28 Fellaghas massacre and burn 12 Moslems including 4 children ages 2 years to 14 months near downtown Tiaret.
April 28 Thirteen people are injured by a grenade explosion in front of the Hôtel des Palmiers in Orléansville.
April 29 The soldiers of Force K who deserted to Wilaya 4 are executed by the FLN.
April 29 The chief of military medicine for Bône, Doctor Colonel Andre, Doctor Lieutenant Gasnier and Nurse Chambou are wounded when their car is machine-gunned at Beni Ramasses.
April 30 The poster and petition campaign calling for General de Gaulle's return to power begins.
May 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 384,000 men.
May 1 A young teacher, Jean Curtil, disappears while visiting the Roman ruins near Constantine.
May 2 Five members of Délégations Spéciale in Orania and loyal Moslems are savagely murdered. The victims are mutilated or hacked to pieces by their torturers.
May 4 The Battle of the Tunisian Frontier ends after nearly 4 months of combat during which the FLN lost nearly 4,000 men killed and 672 captured. French troops lost 279 killed and 758 wounded.
May 5 Robert Fouquereuau, the cook at a Heliopolis reception hall, is killed by shots from a revolver.
May 8 Robert Lacoste is decorated with the Cross of Military Valor at ceremonies marking VE Day in Algiers.
May 9 General Salan, with the agreement of Robert Lacoste, sends a telegram to President René Coty which ends, “The French Army would be unanimous in considering the abandonment of Algeria an insult and one cannot prejudge its reaction of despair. Mister President, only a Government firmly committed to maintaining our flag in Algeria can efface our anguish.” May 9
The FLN announces that it tried and executed 3 French soldiers in Tunisia on April 25th.
May 10 General Massu receives a petition to the President of the Republic by the junior officers of his division which ends, “We are certain that the people and the Army will never accept the abandonment of a part of the country... It is you and you alone who can still save it.” May 11
The Algiers weekly Dimanche Matin publishes Alain de Serigny’s appeal to General de Gaulle entitled, “PARLEZ... PARLEZ VITE MON GÉNÉRAL” (SPEAK, SPEAK QUICKLY MY GENERAL). May 11
Pierre Lagaillarde sums up his strategy during a meeting of the Group of Seven, “One takes the General Government by storm. One throws caution to the wind, the Army is obliged to intervene. It is not Salan who takes power, it is we who give it to him.” May 12
An emissary of the Pflimlin Cabinet arrives in Algiers to discuss a proposal to seek Moroccan and Tunisian mediation in starting negotiations with the FLN which would be granted quasi-official recognition.
May 12 Pierre Popie, liberal lawyer and defender of the FLN, returns the underground after passing a "valise" containing several million francs to the FLN.
May 12 Sixty nine rebels are put out of action during fighting southwest of Oued Zenatti.
May 13 Civilians and soldiers throughout Algeria demonstrate in protest against the execution of 3 French soldiers held prisoner in Tunisia.
In Algiers: † 1300 The American cultural center is ransacked by a mob.
† 1700 Demonstrators gather in front of the monument to the dead.
† 1800 Generals Salan and Massu lay wreaths at the monument to the dead before an audience of over 100,000 people.
† 1830 Pierre Lagaillarde incites the mob to attack the General Government building. Pierre Chaussade, Secretary General of the General Government, telephones Robert Lacoste in Paris, “It’s a riot, Mister Minister shall they fire? No, thats out of the question,” Lacoste shouts into the phone. † 1900 The General Government building is in the hands of the insurgents. General Salan appears on the balcony and is booed by the mob gathered in the plaza in front of the building. The demonstrators believe him hostile to French Algeria.
† 2100 General Massu announces the formation of a Committee of Public Safety in Algiers, under his presidency, which demands the formation of a Government of Public Safety, under the presidency of General de Gaulle, in Paris.
† 2345 General Massu reads the text of the Committee of Public Safety’s appeal to General de Gaulle before a crowd of 30,000 people. May 14
† 0100 General Salan crosses the Rubicon and takes charge of the insurgency he will recommence in 1961.
† 0200 From the balcony of the General Government, Colonel Jean Thomazo (called leather nose) explains the position of Salan to the acclaim of the 20,000 people still present in the plaza.
† 0230 The Committee of Public Safety gains strength and Léon Delbecque, an unconditional supporter of de Gaulle becomes its vice president.
† 0300 The Pflimlin Government gains the confidence of the Chamber of Deputies owing to the abstention of the Communists.
† 0600 Félix Gaillard turns over power to Pierre Pflimlin.
The strike continues in Algiers and the plaza which was nearly empty before dawn begins to refill.
May 14 All communication, by telephone, by air and by sea, between France and Algeria is interrupted.
May 14 General Salan sends President René Coty the following telegram, “Given the serious disorder which threatens the national unity in Algeria which cannot be stopped without the likelihood of bloodshed, the responsible military authorities believe there is a pressing need to call upon a national arbiter to form a Government of Public Safety... An appeal for calm from this high authority is the only means of restoring order.” May 14
The Unités Territoriales (militia) establish headquarters in the Oran city hall around noon then seize the radio station in the afternoon. The Oran Committee of Public Safety is formed and the militia occupies the Préfecture at the end of the day.
May 14 General de Gaulle announces that he is ready to assume the powers of the Republic.
May 14 The Prefect of the Grand Kabylie at Tizi-Ouzou orders the police to open fire if demonstrators attempt to seize public buildings.
May 14 General Paul Ely, Army Chief of Staff in Paris, resigns.
May 16 The Moslems rally en masse to the May 13 movement. There is fraternization in the plaza. Thousand of hands, European and Moslem, link to form and immense chain among the crowd.
May 17 Jacques Soustelle arrives in Algiers after slipping past police surveillance to leave France in secrecy.
May 17 Massu speaking to French Moslems declares, “Know that France will never abandon you! Together we will throw the enemy in service to the foreign out of our national territory. We will build an Algeria liberated from fear, a fraternal and humane Algeria where the words of equality, of fraternity, of justice will recover their full meaning. All of us who fought to affirm the permanence of France in Algeria, here, make that solemn oath.” May 18
An officer shouts from the balcony of the General Government, “We swear to defend French Algeria to the death if necessary.” Ten of thousands of hands rise and repeat after the officers, “We swear to defend French Algeria until death.” It becomes know as the Oath of May 13th. May 19
General de Gaulle holds a press conference at the Palais d’Orsay to announce that his services are at the disposal of the nation. May 19
In France, several generals including Maurice Challe are arrested.
May 22 Antoine Pinay pays a visit to Charles de Gaulle at Colombey les Deux Églises.
May 24 Commandant Vitasse, organizer of Plan Résurrection and Lagaillarde fly to Pau.
May 24 Paratroops favoring the May 13th movement seize the prefecture at Ajaccio, Corsica around 11 p.m.
May 26 Corsica, where the CRS (riot police) sent by Paris to reassert the constitutional order have joined the seditionists, rallies to the authority of Algiers.
May 26 General de Gaulle meets with Premier Pflimlin at Saint Cloud. The talks end without an agreement.
May 27 During the night Generals Salan and Massu signal Commandant Vitasse to implement Plan Resurrection beginning at 0230 on May 30th.
May 27 Despite the failure of his talks with Premier Pflimlin, General de Gaulle announces that he is pressing ahead with the formation of a republican government.
May 27 The Pflimlin Government receives an overwhelming vote of confidence including support from the Communists.
May 28 A call from the leftist political parties and the trade unions for demonstrations against de Gaulle brings 300 to 400,000 people into the streets of Paris.
May 28 General de Gaulle is forced to explain Plan Résurrection (the seizure of power in metropolitan France with the backing of paratroops from Algeria). Afterwards he tells departing paratroop officers, “Tell General Salan that what he did, what he will do is for the good of France.” May 28
Twenty people are injured when a grenade is thrown into a crowd of pro-French Moslems demonstrating at Mahouan near Sétif.
May 29 The Pflimlin Government resigns.
May 29 General Salan countermands his order to Commandant Vitasse. Plan Resurrection is cancelled for the moment.
May 29 Colonel Si Cherif, leader of the Free Moslem Armed Forces (FAFM), speaks from the balcony of the General Government in Algiers, “My pride is to be one of ten million French, who without distinction of race or religion are the sons of the same motherland, France.” May 29
El Moudjahid, the FLN newspaper, announces that Ramdane Abane, head of the Committee for Coordination and Execution, has been killed in combat. Abane was in fact murdered in Morocco on December 26, 1957 on orders from rivals within the FLN.
May 29 Colonel Jeanpierre of the 1st REP is killed along with a pilot and mechanic when their helicopter is shot down during a reconnaissance mission over Guelma. The fighting around Guelma leaves 112 French soldiers dead and 272 wounded. The FLN losses total 800 dead and 30 captured during the same engagement.
May 30 A declaration from the President of the Republic is read before a joint session of the National Assembly; “In the peril of the Nation and of the Republic, I turn to the most illustrious of Frenchmen, towards him, who during the darkest years of our history, was our leader in the reconquest of liberty and who having gained unanimous national support, refused dictatorship to restore the republic.” May 30
The National Assembly approves the nomination of de Gaulle to form a government.
May 30 General Salan reactivates Plan Resurrection, to be launched under one of three circumstances; if de Gaulle gives the order, if de Gaulle cannot form a government or if the Communist take-up arms.
June 1 During the debate on the nomination of the de Gaulle Government, François Mitterrand declares: "by right General de Gaulle will gain his powers from the national representation; in fact he holds it already by force."
June 1 Formation of the De Gaulle Government is approved by the National Assembly on a vote of 339 to 224.
June 2 Maître Mallem, an Algiers lawyer, declares during a meeting of the Algiers Committee of Public Safety, “In Algeria, the Crémieux decree, allowed a community to integrate with French society without obstructing the freedom to worship. It is important to give to the May 13th restoration movement full benefit of the dash which he raised to uproot the centuries of prejudices and habits which separate the population of the Moslem confession from modern life. The greatest glory of Kemal Atatürk is not to have revealed Aziyadé, but to have beaten in breach of the centuries of traditions. It is important to break a way of life patterned on fixed and anachronistic legislation.
Such a rupture does not imply an attack on the free exercise of worship. However the ancestral way of life must be abandoned, because it creates a gap between the various communities and carries in it a cause of dissension."
June 2 The civil authorities modify the matrimonial regulations pertaining to Moslems who henceforth may no longer repudiate their wives.
June 4 General de Gaulle speaks from the balcony of the General Government in Algiers. To the several hundred thousand people gathered below, he declares, “Je vous ai compris (I have understood you).... well! of all that, I take of it note in the name of France and I declare, that from today, France considers that, in all Algeria, there is only one category of inhabitants: there are only the entirely French... with the same rights and the same duties." June 5
The 20th Battalion of the Unités Territoriales is formed in the Algiers Casbah. The 1,200 man force is 35% Moslem.
June 6 At Mostaganem, General de Gaulle ends his speech, “Vive Mostaganem! Vive l'Algérie française! Vive la République! Vive la France!” June 11
General Raoul Salan is named Delegate General and Commander in Chief in Algeria.
June 11 Private André Gelos is freed by the Tirailleurs Algériens, his companion in captivity, Guillemot, was executed by their guards during the course of the battle with the Tirailleurs.
June 15 Six people are wounded in 4 grenade attacks at Constantine.
June 16 General Massu is appointed Prefect of Algiers.
June 18 The FLN issues a directive prohibiting registration for or participation in elections and demanding that a General Strike be observed during the voting under penalty of death.
June 20 Nineteen people are injured by a grenade thrown into a café on the Clos Salembier in Algiers.
June 21 General Salan orders the release of 130 internees held at Beni Messous.
June 23 Farm worker François Soriano is savagely murdered with a knife at El Ancor.
June 24 Thirteen men of the 6th Régiment Parachutiste Coloniale are killed in an ambush.
June 27 A grenade explodes in the Gonzales family apartment in Sidi Bel Abbes killing one person and wounding two.
June 27 Lucien Bernabeau, who was wounded in a bomb explosion along with 9 other victims, dies in the hospital at Relizane.
June 28 The Mayor of Algiers, Jacques Chevalier, resigns. He will be replaced by a special delegation two days later.
June 30 A French photographer and a school teacher are kidnapped near Colomb Bechar.
June 30 Retired baker Joseph Saurel is shot in the back and killed at Desaix.
July 1 Twenty two people, 11 Europeans and 11 Moslems, are wounded by a grenade explosion in the Chartres Market, Algiers.
July 4 Moslem women are granted suffrage and their own electoral college in Algeria.
July 9 Nine diners are injured by a grenade explosion in a Philippeville restaurant.
July 10 The French Army attacks the Bellounis maquis to end the exactions of its ally, the MNA. Bellounis is killed on July 14th. Sporadic fighting continues until July 28th when his body is recovered at Bou Saada. The maquis is annihilated except for a small band that escapes to join the FLN.
July 11 Three Frenchmen are killed and two wounded when rival MNA and FLN terrorists exchange shots in Paris.
July 14 Delegations of Moslem veterans from Algeria and North African troops participate in the Paris Bastille Day parade.
July 15 Moise Chemia, verger at Temple Midrache, is killed and 35 others are wounded in 4 terrorist attacks in Constantine.
July 15 Twenty people are injured in grenade attacks at Oran.
July 23 French francs are circulated in Algeria and Algerian banknotes are now accepted in metropolitan France. Algerian coins are withdrawn from circulation and replaced by French ones.
July 25 The Algerian railways are merged with the French National Railways (SNCF).
August 10 Five year old Pascale Orcini is killed and 24 others are wounded when 2 grenades explode in downtown Saida.
August 10 Thirteen people are wounded when a grenade explodes in an Oran cinéma.
August 10 Three teenagers are killed and 3 other Europeans are wounded in drive by machine-gunning at Kolea.
August 16 Twenty five Moslems, men, women and children are massacred by a band of rebels on the Honaine Estate near Algiers .
August 16 Seven people including a young girl are wounded when rebels open fire on bathers at a beach near Tenes.
August 16 An Algerian is killed on a Paris street by a fellow Moslem who also wounds 3 bystanders including 6 year old Martine Bouland.
August 20 FLN agents blow up 4 gasoline storage tanks in Rouen, France.
August 20 In France, the General Association of Algerian Workers, an FLN front group, is dissolved.
August 24 At midnight , the FLN goes on the offensive throughout metropolitan France. Petroleum depots are arsoned at Rouen, Port La Nouvelle and Alès. Several police stations and barracks are machine gunned. Seven gendarmes are killed and four are seriously injured. Sabotage derails a train on the railway near Cagnes sur Mer.
August 24 FLN commandos set forest fires in the department of Var to distract firefighters from the fire they are about to set at the Mourepaine fuel depot in suburban Marseilles. The Mourepaine fire burns for ten days.
August 24 Marceau Fargeon is shot in the head and killed while fishing at Courbet Marine.
August 24 Pédro Sébastien Marques, age 59, is killed while working in his field near Lamoricière.
August 25 Three policemen are killed and another is wounded during an attack in the garage of the Paris Préfecture of Police.
August 25 An FLN gang kills four policemen during an attack on a munitions plant in suburban Paris.
August 25 Four people are killed, 4 wounded and 10 go missing in a series of attacks across Algeria.
August 25 A terrorist is blown up by his own bomb while preparing to attack the Esso refinery at Notre Dame de Gravenchon.
August 26 Eight policemen are wounded in attacks by an FLN gang in Marseilles.
August 26 Explosives are discovered at Cape Pinede, Saint Louis, Aygalades, Lavera, Le Havre and Frontignan.
August 26 Seven people are killed including 4 policemen in a series of machine-gunnings aimed at police stations and barracks across metropolitan France.
August 26 Terrorists kill a Paris policeman and wound 3 others.
August 26 Two Algerian Moslems are killed when the explosives they are carrying detonate in the Department of Isère, France.
August 27 A curfew is imposed on Algerians in the Department of the Seine (Paris).
August 27 Three Algerians attack a French officer in a hallway of the Paris métro.
August 30 An Algerian Moslem is mortally wounded by a soldier in Paris. A bystander Madame Darcier is wounded and soldier Raymond Ras is stabbed.
September 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 442,000 men.
September 1 The Simca automobile works at Poissy is the target of arsonists.
September 3 A curfew is imposed on Algerians in the French Department of Rhône.
September 3 Saboteurs resume their attempts to damage oil storage facilities at Alès, France.
September 5 A violent explosion rocks the steamer President Cazalet en route from Bône to Marseilles. Seven people are injured. The FLN denies responsibility for the attack.
September 6 Rural guard Pruvost and his wife are murdered in their home at Takdempt near Dellys.
September 8 A grenade explosion wounds 20 patrons of an art exhibition at Bouira.
September 9 The FLN establishes the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA).
September 9 Terrorists sabotage the railway in the Department of Drome and attack cafés in several metropolitan French towns.
September 12 A grenade and dynamite are thrown into a Marseilles gasworks but fail to explode.
September 12 An explosive charge is discovered at Aygalades.
September 14 Terrorists attempt sabotage in metropolitan France on the Lyon-Bordeaux express, in the De Brotteaux station and the Nimes Courbessac station.
September 14 Three soldiers are wounded at Joinville and an officer is wounded at Metz, France.
September 14 A grenade is thrown into a Marseilles bar frequented by the Communists.
September 15 An FLN commando unit opens fire on a car carrying Information Minister Jacques Soustelle in Paris. A civilian is killed and 3 are wounded in the ensuing exchange of fire between the police and the assassins.
September 15 Three people are injured when a bomb explodes in the Bouches du Rhone Préfecture in Marseilles.
September 15 Two farms near Maubeuge are burnt.
September 15 A railway signal between Milhaud and Bernis in the Department of Gard is sabotaged.
September 15 Four police squad cars are machine-gunned in Paris.
September 15 Several shots are fired at the La Capelette police station in Marseille.
September 16 Terrorist attacks continue in metropolitan France at Paris, Le Havre and Sèvres.
September 17 Messali Hadj survives an FLN attack but his body guard is killed.
September 17 The FLN offensive in metropolitan France continues. Bombs explode in a butane gas depot in Paris and a postal parcel in Marseilles. Fires are set in Compiègne and near Lille. Terrorist stage machinegun attacks in Lyon.
September 18 FLN divers attempting to plant explosive charges on the cruiser Jean Bart are found drowned in Toulon harbor.
September 19 Father Juquet, a member of the White Fathers of Africa, is gravely wounded by the rebels on the road from Sétif to Kerrata.
September 19 One person is killed and 8 wounded in a grenade attack on an Algiers bar.
September 20 A mass grave containing the bodies of 400 rebels killed on orders from Amirouche is uncovered.
September 21 A seven year old child is killed and 5 other people are wounded when terrorists open fire on a police patrol in Sidi Bel Abbes.
September 21 An FLN bomb is discovered on the third stage of the Eiffel Tower and disarmed.
September 22 Two people are killed and 20 wounded in an explosion set off by terrorists at the Kleber-Colombes Tire Factory near Paris.
September 23 The FLN mounts a series of attacks in metropolitan France; a soldier survives a fusillade in Marseilles, a time bomb is found near the broadcasting transmitters in the Eiffel Tower, three terrorists are cut down by police at Aubervilliers, a terrorist gang attacks workers at the Simca factory in Nanterre and the Vitry electric generating station is put on alert.
September 23 A grenade explosion wounds 16 people including 3 children in Algiers.
September 26 The FLN renews its threats against the referendum and calls for a General Strike. “Whoever leaves his home on September 28th will be cut down by the FLN.” September 27
Algerian terrorists kill tow policemen and seriously injure three others in Rouen, France.
September 27 An acetylene plant at Courneuve, France is attacked with plastic explosive.
September 28 In Algeria, 3,476,394 voters ignore FLN threats to vote in the referendum. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic is approved by 95% of the Algerian electorate (79% in metropolitan France). Moslem women Algeria vote for the first time.
October 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 400,000 men.
October 3 Businessman Alexandre Panicucchi is arrested in Philippeville for collusion with the FLN.
October 6 Captain Jacques Tedde is killed by the rebels while leading a party of spear fishermen between Cape De Garde and Herbillon.
October 6 Mr. Justen, a guard at the Aéroclub d'Ain-Taya, is mortally wounded in an ambush.
October 9 The Government orders members of the military to resign from the Committee of Public Safety.
October 15 The defendants on trial for the 1957 bazooka attack on General Salan are found guilty. René Kovacs, escaped, is sentenced to death; Philippe Castille to 10 years at hard labor; four others are given 5 to 6 years in prison. Some will escape. Others are freed during the April 1961 putsch. All of them eventually join the OAS which will be led by Salan, their intended victim.
October 17 Six gendarmes are killed in an ambush near Sétif.
October 19 Abbé Carteron, alias Monsieur Albert, thought to be the treasurer of the FLN social organization in the Lyon region is brought before a judge of instruction at Lyon, France.
October 19 Two clergymen are arrested in Lyon on charges of aiding the FLN.
October 20 Antoinette Idjeri, a young Moslem born in France and an FLN liason in Marseilles, is arrested in Paris.
October 20 The FLN frees 4 French prisoners.
October 23 General de Gaulle offers the FLN a “Peace of the Brave”. October 23
Madame Munoz receives a citation in the orders of the division, for heroic conduct. "She repulsed two attacks against the farm she managed at St. Denis Du Sig and thanks to the alert she gave permitted the annihilation of the outlaws. This citation carries the attribution of the Croix de la Valeur Militaire.” October 25
The FLN rejects General de Gaulle’s peace proposal. October 26
General Salan orders Colonel Bigeard transferred to metropolitan France following a policy dispute.
October 27 Six people are wounded by a grenade explosion in an Algiers café.
October 29 General Salan marks Armistice Day by ordering the release of 2,800 FLN internees.
October 30 The explosion of two booby trapped shells kills 12 people including 3 children and wounds 30 others in Tiaret.
November 3 Louis Berthier, a 44 year old industrialist, son of the Mayor of Birkadem, and his employee, Lucien Boyer, are grievously wounded by revolver fire in Algiers.
November 6 A gendarme and a village constable are killed in Matemore.
November 9 Pierre Toux, a Bugeaud school principal, Second Lieutenants Alain Scherrer and Alain Brunaud are killed by the fellaghas.
November 10 Six passengers are killed and 13 wounded when a train hits a mine on the Djelfa line near Blida.
November 13 Sheik Lakhdari Abdellali, Iman of the Sidi El Kettani Mosque, is wounded by revolver shots in Constantine.
November 15 A group of FLN Colonels headed by Lamouri plot the elimination of Belkacem Krim, Abdelhafid Boussouf and Lakhdar Ben Tobbal.
November 17 Si Azedine, military commander of Wilaya 4, is wounded in combat and taken prisoner by the 3rd Régiment Parachutiste Coloniale southeast of Palestro.
November 19 Belkacem Krim has Colonel Lamouri and 50 FLN dissidents arrested and taken to Kef in Tunisia where they are later tried and many are executed.
November 19 Two fishermen are attacked by rebels hiding in the bush near Philippeville. François Di Lorio, age 63, is killed. His brother manages to escape.
November 22 FLN terrorists torture and mutilate 4 Moslems at La Ciotat, France. The bodies are found in a cistern.
November 22 The skeletal remains of two workmen kidnapped by the fellaghas in July 1956 are found near Philippeville.
November 25 General Salan recalls Colonel Bigeard to Algeria. Bigeard is sent to Saïda to oversee the training of two elite regiments. Bigeard also creates commando unit Georges which is composed of former FLN rebels.
November 27 Six people including 4 soldiers are killed when the trucks they are riding in are hit by mortar shells near Orléansville.
November 27 Two shop foremen are mortally wounded by a burst of machinegun fire in Kerrata.
November 30 Si Azedine travels to Palestro under military escort to deliver a letter to the chief of the region. Upon his return, he addresses a declaration to the French authorities, “Without disavowing my past, I am determined to put an end to this fratricidal fight and wish to devote myself to a new Algeria.” November 30
Legislative elections are conducted in Algeria.
December 1 Si Azedine, with the accord with the French authorities, travels through Wilaya 1 in an effort to establish contact with the regional leader, Captain Maoussa.
December 3 General de Gaulle visits the iron mines at Ouenza which produce 2.3 billion tons of ore annually.
December 3 Three French prisoners are released by the FLN.
December 4 Trains in Orania and the Constantine are badly damaged when they hit mines but no one is injured.
December 4 Si Azedine journeys to Wilaya IV in an attempt to contact Colonel Si M'Hamed.
December 4 Emile Bixio, owner of the Touring Hotel, is kidnapped from his home in Batna by persons unknown.
December 4 Tax collector Marcel Sellens is killed by a burst of machinegun fire outside Cherchel.
December 7 The new director of the Ain Barbar Mines, Yves de Saint Denis, and an employee are killed by the rebels in Bône. His predecessor had also been murdered.
December 8 Si Azedine meets with Si Salah then arrested and taken to Tunis by Si Tayeb, the head of the Wilaya IV intelligence service.
December 9 Tirailleurs Sénégalais from Guinea are demobilized and repatriated to their country which was given immediate independence after voting no on the referendum.
December 12 General Raoul Salan is replaced as Delegate General by Paul Delouvrier and as Commander in Chief in Algeria by General Maurice Challe.
December 15 Colonel Henri Debrus, Commandant Robert Monnier and Lieutenant Robert Clausse win the Algiers to Capetown automobile rally and set a record that stands until 1970.
December 19 General Salan leaves Algiers, where an immense crowd calls for his retention, to assume his new post of Inspector General of the Army.
December 21 General De Gaulle is elected President of the Republic and of the French Community by the Electoral College.
December 23 President De Gaulle names General Salan Military Governor of Paris as well as Inspector General of the Army.
December 30 Ten Frenchmen including 4 soldiers are wounded when a grenade explodes in the Terminus Bar at Sidi Bel Abbes.
December 30 Four Moslems including a 10 year old child are injured when a grenade explodes in a street in the Casbah of Algiers.
December 30 Five soldiers are killed and 20 wounded when their truck hits a mine near Orléansville.
1959 January 6 Captain Graziani, Algiers native and celebrated Para of the Battle of Algiers, is killed while leading his company on an operation with the 27th DIA in Grande Kabylia. FLN losses in the operation total 294 dead and 4 captured.
January 8 Charles de Gaulle succeeds René Coty as President of the French Republic.
January 9 The Government of Michel Debré takes office. The Premier delivers a policy address stating, “It is under French sovereignty that Algeria will develop ... the offer of cease fire remains valid but their will be no political negotiation.” January 11
Units of the 61st RAA trap a rebel band southwest of Port Gueydon near Ighil Ouhmani killing 40 and capturing 3.
January 13 Clemency is granted to FLN prisoners. All those condemned to death are pardoned. 7,000 internees are released. Ahmed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners are transferred from Santé prison to a fortified enclosure on the Ile d'Aix.
January 14 Funeral services are held at Maillot hospital in Algiers for 22 French soldiers killed in combat.
January 30 President de Gaulle renews his offer of peace in Algeria.
February 6 Plan Challe is implemented in the Saïda region near Oran. 1,764 rebels will be killed, 516 captured and 131 will desert to the French side during the operation.
February 7 The Inspectorate General of Defense, directed by General Salan, is disbanded.
February 8 Colonel Antoine Argoud assumes command as Chief of Staff of the Algiers Army Corps.
February 11 An attempt by the rebels to cross the electrified fence along the border with Tunisia in the Morsott region is checked. 150 of the intruders are killed, 25 captured and 33 escape back into Tunisia.
February 20 Plan Challe continues in the Ouarsenis region. Three divisions along with air support kill 52 FLN rebels and capture 30 others.
February 25 During an operation in the Azazga sector, the 27th BCA traps a band of rebels which escapes by freeing its prisoner, the Curé of Akbou who was kidnapped by the FLN 10 days earlier.
February 26 Thousands of leaflets urging the fellaghas to accept President de Gaulle’s Peace of the Brave are dropped on the mountains. March 4
American photojournalist Flint Kellens and his German interpreter Raymond Aircle are killed when their car is ambushed by the FLN near the Col du Juif on the highway between the Moroccan border and Oran. Another photographer is seriously wounded in the attack.
March 7 The arrondissement of Tebessa is taken from the Department of Batna and returned to Bône.
March 8 The Czech freighter Lidice is stopped while transporting arms and munitions to the FLN.
March 9 Twelve FLN rebels are killed and 10 captured during an operation in the Frenda sector of the Ouarsenis region.
March 16 Colonels Lamouri, Laskri Amara, Nouaraoua and certain of their partisans, who plotted against the leadership of the FLN, are shot at Tunis. Ahmed Draria, sentenced to prison for his role in the plot, will become head of the Sûreté Algérienne in 1962.
March 17 Aumale and three neighboring arrondissements are separated from the Department of Batna and organized as new department.
March 21 FLN Captain Ali Hambli along with 130 of his men agrees to accept the Peace of the Brave and surrenders to the 3rd Hussards. Twenty dissidents among the rebels are executed.
March 27 An operation near Bidon V on the Moroccan border south of Colomb Bechar ends with 9 rebels killed including Colonel Lofti, the leader of Wilaya 5, his assistant commander Tahar and their body guards.
March 28 Colonel Aït Hamouda Amirouche, commander of FLN Wilaya III in Kabylia and Colonel El Haouès Ben Abdelkader, commander of FLN Wilaya VI in the Sahara, are killed by counter-insurgents during an operation in the djebel Tsameur north of Bou Saada.
April 2 Captain Ali Hambli, now allied with the French, leads a 60 man force on a raid against the ALN camp at Ghardimaou, Tunisia.
April 10 The FLN machine guns the patrons of a café in Saint Denis near Paris. Boughera El Ouafi, a 61 year old native of Constantine and winner of the marathon in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, is among those killed.
April 10 Police in metropolitan France arrest 465 FLN supporters.
April 15 Bouharaoua becomes the first Moslem mayor of Algiers under French rule.
April 15 Operation Courroie commences in the Algiers region.
April 21 President de Gaulle pardons 30 FLN prisoners held under sentence of death.
April 23 An officer is killed and 5 soldiers are wounded when a column of the 13th Cavalry Regiment unwittingly enters a minefield planted by the FLN near Azazga.
April 24 A mass grave containing 37 bodies is uncovered east of Tablat. They are the bodies of rebels purged by Amirouche, the leader of Wilaya 3 according to information obtained from interrogation of FLN held prisoner by the French.
April 25 A rebel band is annihilated near Molière in the djebel Zerzour of the Ouarsenis region. 92 are killed and 27 captured.
April 29 President de Gaulle, declares, "The Algeria of papa is dead. If one does not understand that, one will die with it." in an interview with Pierre Laffont, editor of l'Echo d'Oran
May 5 Colonel Si M'Hamed, chief of Wilaya IV, mysteriously disappears.
May 13 The anniversary of the May 13th Revolt is observed as a public holiday for the first and last time. A crowd of over 100,000 people gather in Algiers to hear General Massu declare, “It is the solemn undertaking of the Army to maintain Algeria as French territory.” The new Mayor of Algiers, Bouharaoua, follows with a speech in which he declares, “This Algeria, French province, will soon know, for all her sons, thanks to the effort expended on behalf of all France by General de Gaulle.”May 15
French troops acting on intelligence reports undertake an operation in the Ouarsenis. FLN losses include 70 killed, 10 wounded and 5 captured.
May 20 Two Europeans taken prisoner by the FLN at an outpost of the 8th Régiment Spahis Algérien are released after spending over a year in captivity. Thirteen others died in captivity.
June 4 An air patrol spots a suspected rebel caravan in the western Grand Erg. Paratroops are dropped and a brief battle ensues. Five rebels are killed and camels loaded with 4.5 tons of munitions and supplies are recovered.
June 11 Tirailleurs Algériens free Private André Gelos from imprisonment by the FLN, his fellow captive, Guillemot, was executed by their guards.
June 24 Thirty eight members of a rebel band sighted near Bône are killed and 9 captured. Seven rebels escape but are tracked down and killed the next day.
July 8 - 20 Operation Étincelle is conducted in the Hodna region.
July 9 La Mouvement pour la Communauté (MPC) is created to provide a legal front for the activities of agents of the SAC and eventually spearheads the effort to crush the OAS.
July 15 The 11th BT is ambushed in the Hodna region. 19 men are killed in action.
July 22 – August 8 Operation Jumelles is conducted in the Kabylie. 98 FLN rebels are killed and 13 captured.
July 27 President de Gaulle begins a month long tour of Algeria.
July 31 Premier Michel Debré declares, “The departments of Algeria and the Sahara form a part of the Republic the same as the metropolitan departments. If France left Algeria, it would be a civil war.” August 1
Twenty nine soldiers of the 18th Régiment Parachustiste Coloniale are killed in an ambush.
August 11 Operation Pierres Précieuses gets underway in the Petite Kabylie.
August 26 The Hassi Messaoud - Bougie petroleum pipeline is placed in service.
August 27 Colonel Bigeard reports that President de Gaulle has promised him, “De Gaulle will never treat with the assassins and the FLN flag will not fly over Algiers.” September 3
The Commune of Borley la Sapie is transferred from the jurisdiction of the Miliana arrondissement in the Department of Orléansville to the Department of Médéa.
September 13 A bomb explodes on board the German ship Brussard off the Dutch coast. The French Special Services suspect the freighter of carrying arms to the FLN in Algeria.
September 15 The FLN issues instructions in its underground bulletin, "However the Algerian patriot is treated by the police or the Army, when brought before a judge, he will declare without giving too many details, that he was beaten and tortured, that he was shocked with electricity. ... Each arrested patriot will not hesitate to burn himself with a cigarette or beat himself in order to have marks to show the judge. These instructions must be learnt by heart, spread by word and the bulletin destroyed at once.” September 16
President de Gaulle proposes self-determination for Algeria with three options; secession, integration with France and association.
September 17 A five member FLN commando unit attempts to assassinate Messali Hadj, head of the rival Mouvement National Algérien in Chantilly, France. Police kill two of the terrorists.
September 18 The Army covers the walls of Algiers with posters inscribes “Algérie française toujours”. September 19
La Rassemblement pour l'Algérie Française (Rally for French Algeria) is formed under the leadership of Georges Bidault.
September 24 Nine Frenchmen are killed and 12 others wounded in the explosion of bombs planted or thrown by the FLN at various locations throughout Algeria.
October 3 War veterans in metropolitan France demonstrate in favor of French Algeria.
October 9 An Alouette II helicopter carrying Generals Gilles, Massu and Saint Hillier crashes on take off from a base in the Ouarsenis. All on board escape unscathed.
October 26 Marshal Alphonse Juin, a native of Bône, declares his opposition to Gaullist Algerian policies in a letter addressed to the President.
November 7 The Department of Aumale is suppressed. The arrondissements of Aumale, Tablat and Bou Saada are attached to the Department of Médéa and Ouled Djellal is returned to the Department of Batna.
November 7 The Department of Bougie is suppressed and its arrondissements are returned to their former jurisdictions under the departments of Constantine and Sétif.
November 7 The arrondissement of Barika is taken from the Department of Sétif and returned to Batna.
November 7 The arrondissement of Telagh is taken from the Department of Saïda and returned to Oran.
November 9 Sergeant Gaffory, Privates Cinquini and Laurent Ferrero and a civilian from Bordj Bou Arreridj, held prisoner by the FLN in a cave in the Batna region for 11 months, are freed by troops of the 7th Régiment de Tirailleurs Algérien. A Moslem corporal taken prisoner with them was executed.
November 10 President de Gaulle renews his offer of self-determination and a cease fire to the FLN.
November 20 The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic designates Amhed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners as their negotiators. President de Gaulle rejects this proposal.
December 15 Marie Claire and Olivier Gendebien finish second in the last Algiers to Capetown automobile rally.
December 24 The Danish freighter Granita is stopped while carrying 40 tons of TNT to the FLN.
December 25 An FLN bomb explodes in the Rue d'Isly, Algiers, killing 3 people and injuring 40.
December 28 Eight of the Algerian Communist Party’s 39 member Central Committee are in FLN guerilla groups and 21 others are in prison or dead.
1960 January 4 Albert Camus is killed an automobile accident at Petit Villeblev, France.
January 6 Intelligence services radio monitors, intercept a series of messages, transmitted between Si Salah, the leader of Wilaya 4 (Algiers), and the FLN general staff at Oujda in which he expounds on the weariness an boredom of his guerillas and threatens to accept de Gaulle’s “Peace of the Brave” offer if the situation does not improve. January 15
Four soldiers are killed when 2 SAS trucks are ambushed near Le Chenoua.
January 18 A German newspaper publishes an interview with General Massu in which he is quoted as making several disrespectful remarks in regards to President de Gaulle. Massu denies the making the remarks attributed to him.
January 19 General Massu is recalled to Paris and banned from returning to Algeria.
January 20 Georges Bidault is expelled from Algeria.
January 22 General Crépin replaces General Massu as commander of the Algiers Army Corps.
January 24 In Algiers, lawyers Pierre Lagaillarde and Jean Meningaut, café owner Joe Ortiz and Doctor Jean Claude Perez of the FNF organize demonstrations to protest General Massu’s dismissal. Around 6 p.m. , a confrontation between riot police and demonstrators, including armed units of the Bab el Oued and Casbah Unités Territoriales, erupts. The week long battle of the “barricades” will leave 8 gendarmes and 11 protesters dead; 85 police and 56 demonstrators wounded. January 24
In Oran, May 13th Union councilman Villeneuve calls on the citizenry to with draw their barricades and begin a General Strike.
January 24 Fourteen people are killed and 123 are wounded in attacks by rightwing extremists targeting Algiers gendarmes.
January 27 Philippe Castille, who fired a bazooka shell at General Salan, escapes from prison and reaches France.
January 28 General Challe and Paul Delouvrier leave Algiers for the safety of a base at Régghaïa.
January 28 Colonel Bigeard speaking at Saïda asks, “What fight do the men of the barricades and the Army want, the certainty that their fight is not in vain. Then the barricades will disappear and together we will finish the fight against the real rebellion.” January 30
Algerian deputies Biaggia and Kaouah are arrested in Paris for sympathizing with the insurgents on the barricades.
February 1 The insurgents leave their barricades behind Lagaillard and their colors and surrender to to the 1st Régiment Étranger des Parachustistes.
February 1 Colonel Bigeard is disciplined for his remarks regarding the barricades episode. He is ordered to leave Algeria and eventually transferred to a post in the Central African Republic.
February 2 Diehards among the insurrectionist refuse to surrender their arms and regroup under the name of Alcazar commandos, a reference to the fierce resistance put on by the Nationalists defenders of the Alcazar during the Spanish Civil War.
February 3 Commandant Sapin-Lignières, commander of the Algiers Sahel Unités Territoriales is arrested along with Captain Marcel Ronda; Alain de Sérigny, editor of l'Echo d'Alger, as well as Féral, Jean Claude Perez,Lefebvre, Demarquet, Arnoud, Jean Jacques Susini, Trappe and Sanne. The defendants will be acquitted at trial on March 3, 1961 but placed under administrative internment.
February 3 Sanctions are imposed on numerous officers in Algeria and in France including Colonel Jean Gardes for expressing sympathy towards the insurrectionists. They remain free on bail.
February 3 Joseph Ortiz, Meningaud, Robert Martel and Raymond Laquières remain fugitives.
February 4 President de Gaulle disbands the Army Psychological Warfare Bureau for sympathizing with the insurgents on the barricades.
February 5 In the wake of the Barricades Affair, Jacques Soustelle and Bernard Cornut Gentille (future Mayor of Cannes) are dismissed for sympathizing with the insurrections. Numerous Generals and Colonels are transferred including Jacques Faure, Marcel Bigeard, Broizat and Gracieux.
February 10 The Unités Territoriales in Algeria are dissolved. Some units had participated in the Barricades Insurrection.
February 13 Gerboise Bleue, the first test of a French atomic bomb, is conducted at the Reggane Oasis in the Sahara 700 kilometers south of Colomb Bechar. The plutonium fission device detonates atop a 105 meter tower at 0704 GMT. The resulting explosion, an estimated 60-70 kilotons, is the most powerful ever achieved by a nuclear power in its first attempt.
February 14 General Massu declares, “The Army does not cease to claim that a state of war exists, that adversaries in uniform are to be treated as prisoners of war. When will the terrorists in civil [garb]... who randomly kill defenseless people. It has been months since we asked that the laws of war be applied to them, that they be considers franc-tireurs and shot." He continues, “Certain generals are given to support with the greatest abnegation, the misdeeds of others which cause hundreds of people to perish, rather than dirty their hands?” Finally, “the rights of the innocent are greater than those of the guilty.” March 3
President de Gaulle lands at Telergma to begin a short tour of Algeria.
March 5 President de Gaulle speaking at Azziz near Aumale declares, “ Algeria will be Algerian...she will remain tied to France… there are thousands of Europeans who have the right to be here and to remain here. There are 400,000 Moslems who work in France and who provide the livelihood of 3 million Moslems here...France, alone, is capable of developing Algeria.” March 10
General Crépin replaces General Challe as Commander in Chief of the Army in Algeria.
March 17 Three emissaries of Wilaya 4 leader Si Salah meet secretly with the Cadi of Médéa to arrange a rendezvous with the French authorities.
March 28 At the end of the afternoon, 3 emissaries of Si Salah meet with 2 of President de Gaulle’s close collaborators in the Prefecture of Médéa. The wilaya’s policy directors tell the French emissaries, “We want peace but for us it is neither defeat nor surrender. We represent our comrades, combatants of the maquis and we are ready to laydown our weapons if it does not resemble a surrender. What we desire is an end to European domination and an Algerian future developed in close cooperation between Algerians of Moslem and European origin. Everyone has a right to live in peace in his country. We desire a close cohabitation with the Europeans and important cooperation with France.” March 31
French representatives and emissaries of Wilaya 4, comprising 75% of the rebel forces within Algeria, reach an accord on the conditions for a cease fire in line with the position outlined at Médéa 3 days earlier. The emissaries of Si Salah request a suspension of French military operations in Wilaya 4 for a period of 8 weeks to permit contact with the other wilayas.
April 1 Gerboise Blanche, a second French nuclear weapons test, is conducted at Reggane. The surface detonation produces an explosion equivalent to <20 kilotons of TNT.
April 1 The Yugoslav freighter Slovenia is stopped by the French Navy while transporting arms and munitions.
April 12 General Challe, Commander in Chief of the Army in Algeria, refuses to accept Premier Michel Debré’s order to leave Algeria within 48 hours along with the Grand Cordon of the Legion of Honor that Debré sends him. April 23
General Challe leaves Algeria to become French ambassador to NATO.
April 29 French authorities inform Belkacem Krim that a meeting must take place with Si Salah at Médéa.
May 1 General Crépin assumes command of the Army in Algeria.
May 4 In Paris, an FLN terrorist fires 5 shots wounding Deputy Robert Abdesselam.
May 6 A 270 man battalion of the ALN crosses the Moroccan frontier east of Aïn Seffra is trapped at Djebel M’zi. French forces kill 74 and capture 23 of the rebels. French losses total 12 dead and 20 wounded. May 31
The protagonists in the Si Salah affair resume talks at the Médéa prefecture. The rebels confirm their acceptance of the ceasefire accords on condition that they meet with a high ranking state official to conclude the final pact.
June 1 The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic establishes a diplomatic mission in China.
June 5 The French War Veterans Association (ACUF) passes a resolution in favor of bestowing the title of “combattant” on the veterans of the rebellion in French North Africa. The move is taken during a session of the association’s annual congress at Rennes chaired by the Salan General. June 9
General Salan delivers his farewell address to the Army at an honors ceremony in the Invalides, Paris.
June 10 Colonel Si Salha, chief of Wilaya 4, Si Mohamed military commander of Wilaya 4 and Si Lakdar, political adjudant of Si Salah, meet secretly with President De Gaulle at the Élysée Palace in order to negotiate a “Peace of the Brave” for the rebels of Wilays 3, 4, 5 and 6. All of the FLN participants in the meeting are eventually assassinated. June 14
President de Gaulle renews his peace offer to the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic while also alluding to his contacts with Si Salah.
June 16 The French Algeria Front (FAF) is formed in Algiers under the presidency of Bachaga Boualam. The Front’s membership grows to over 420,000 within days. June 19
Delegate General Paul Delouvrier prohibits newspapers from leaving blank spaces in place of censored articles, a practice they have followed or a regular basis since November 1954.
June 20 Ferhat Abbas launches an appeal to the Algerian people.
June 25 Preliminary negotiations with the FLN are held at Melun.
June 30 The MNA reaffirms its position that there should be no discrimination between the Algerians, whether they are Europeans or Jews, they should be equal citizens of the Algerian fatherland. The MNA calls upon these minorities to contribute to the re-establishment of peace and the construction of the Algerian State.
July 28 The execution of Lieutenant Raymond Bouchemal, head of the SAS in Tassala, North Constantine, who was taken prisoner by the FLN on June 5, 1958 is announced during a broadcast of the Voice of Arab Algeria transmitted by Radio Tunis.
July 31 Thirteen French bathers are murdered and 6 others are wounded during an FLN attack on the Carobier beach between Algiers and Cherchel.
August 4 The Bishop of Algiers, Monsignor Duval, refuses to allow a memorial mass to be said in the Cathedral of Algiers for two Pied Noir conscripts captured and shot by the FLN.
August 9 Two conscripts in the 8th Spahis, taken prisoner during an ambush by the FLN, are shot by the ALN near Gardimahou, Tunisia.
August 10 Delegate General Paul Delouvrier informs Salan that his presence is undesirable and that he will be expelled if he does not voluntarily leave Algerian territory.
August 10 General Salan leaves for Algiers to begin his retirement.
August 13 Privates Clotaire Le Galle and Michel Castera, prisoners of the FLN, are shot in Tunisia by order of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic.
August 18 President de Gaulle commutes the death sentences of 10 FLN prisoners.
August 25 An FLN commando unit machine-guns bathers on the beach at Chenoua, west of Algiers, leaving several of them dead or wounded.
September 1 Pro-French Algeria Europeans are expelled from Algeria.
September 3 La Mouvement Pour la Communauté (MPC), destined to promote Gaullist policy favoring independence, is set up in Algeria.
September 5 Trial of the Jeanson Network opens in Paris. The defendants, 18 metropolitan Frenchmen and 6 French Moslems, are charged with collecting funds to aid the FLN.
September 5 The Manifesto of the 121, A Declaration of the Right of Insubordination in the Algerian War which among other things calls on French conscripts to desert is published under the signature of 121 celebrities including Jean Paul Sarte, Simone de Beauvoir, Françoise Sagan, Simone Signoret and Vercors but no Communists.
September 9 The FLN takes a step closer to accepting President Eisenhower’s policy. September 14
Thirteen signatories of the Manifesto of the 121 are charged with sedition.
September 15 In Algiers, General Salan declares that no authority has the power to abandon a portion of territory under French sovereignty.
September 18 Army Minister Pierre Messmer recalls General Salan to Paris.
September 20 Protagonists in the Si Salah affair are betrayed and arrested by Si Mohamed. They are executed with the exception of Si Salah who loses his command and remains a prisoner. Salah’s supporters are purged from the wilayas. September 21
Three French officers are killed when a mine planted by the FLN explodes at Biskra.
September 22 The Minister of Defense bars General Salan from entering Algeria.
September 23 The combat bonus, abolished under President de Gaulle, is restored is restored to military pensioners in metropolitan France. The pensions paid to French veterans residing the former colonies remains frozen at approximately $15 a year.
September 26 Five Moslem deputies of the Gaullist Union pour la Nouvelle Republique (UNR) resign.
October 2 The Jeanson Network trial ends in conviction for 17 of the accused.
October 3 The Communist Party adopts the principles set forth in Manifesto 121 which declares, “We consider the actions of Frenchmen to provide assistance and protection to the Algerians of the FLN justified.” October 8
One person is killed and 12 others are wounded when an FLN member throws a grenade into a Bône café. The victims were all French or British sailors.
October 24 Ferhat Abbas tells the New York Times that Soviet and Chinese aid to the Provisional Government is growing.
October 25 General Salan tells a Paris press conference, “Algeria will remain what it is, French, and France is ready to make sacrifices to gain French victory.” October 27
Violent clashes between advocates and adversaries of French Algeria erupt in Paris following student demonstrations in favor of peace.
October 28 A plenary meeting of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic is held in Tunis.
November 1 The membership of the Front Algérie Française, 40% Moslem, passes the million mark.
November 2 General Raoul Salan, fearing immenent house arrest, flees France for Spain.
November 3 The Barricades Trial begins. The 15 defendants include a Colonel, a Commandant and 4 fugitives who will be tried in absentia. General Jacques Massu will testify that the Delegate General Paul Delouvier had collaborated in transforming the internment camps into seminaries of rebellion, “where the Army dared not stick its nose.” November 4
President de Gaulle refers to, “the Algerian Republic which will exist one day,” for the first time during a televised speech. November 5
The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic demands that 200,000 French citizens leave Algeria and that those who remain will be offered only limited guarantees.
November 10 President de Gaulle speaking in Corsica declares, “The FLN has nearly all the Moslems of Algeria with it.” November 11
Marshal Juin, a native of Algeria and hero of the Italian campaign, refuses to participate in Armistice Day ceremonies in Paris as a protest against the policies of President de Gaulle.
November 11 Violent demonstrations, called by the Front Algérie Française, mar Armistice Day celebrations in Algiers.
November 20 French commandos destroy a broadcasting transmitter in Morocco used by the FLN. The French government later compensates Morocco for the destruction.
November 24 Jean Morin replaces Paul Delouvrier as Delegate General in Algeria.
December 4 Five of the defendants in the Barricades Trial, Lagaillard, Susini, Ronda, Foral and Demarquet, flee to Spain.
December 8 Le Front Algérie Française calls a General Strike to protest President de Gaulle’s forthcoming visit to Algeria. December 9
President de Gaulle is greeted by violent protests from Algeria’s Europeans on his arrival for a 4 day visit to the country. Numerous arrests are made throughout Algeria. Hundreds of young Pied Noirs are trapped in roundups organized by the riot police (CRS) and the Gendarmerie Mobile and placed in internment. December 10
President de Gaulle, speaking to a meeting of officers at Blida airfield near Algiers, declares, “It is an Algerian Algeria, which, every day, becomes, by the force of things, more Algerian than the day before.” December 10
Moslems demonstrations, organized by the SAU (the rural equivalent of the SAS), begin with cries of Vive de Gaulle and Algérie Algérienne. Exhuberance rapidly degenerates into rioting. FLN flags are brandished. Europeans are lynched. Stores and homes are burned and their occupants massacred. The Army opens fire to restore order.
December 13 Three 3 days of rioting end with the arrest and internment of 680 Europeans and 250 Moslems, 123 dead and more than 600 injured.
December 15 The cabinet takes disciplinary measures against General Raoul Salan and fires civil servants who went on strike December 9th.
December 16 Ferhat Abbas launches an appeal to the Algerian people.
December 19 A Yugoslav freighter is seized in the Mediterranean with a cargo of arms destined for the FLN.
December 20 President de Gaulle declares that a Yes on the referendum will be a vote for the birth of an Algerian state with its own government, its own institutions and its own laws.
December 20 The United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution in favor of, “the right of the Algerian people to self-determination and independence” by a vote of 63 to 8 with 27 abstentions. December 22
Premier Michel Debré declares, “The Algeria envisaged by de Gaulle is an Algeria with a French flag and a French Army. For de Gaulle, the Algerian Republic is 30 years distant.” December 24
Le Front Algérie Française is dissolved.
December 27 Gerboise Rouge, the third and final atmospheric test of an atomic bomb in the Algerian Sahara, is conducted at Hammoudia.
December 29 Marshal Alphonse Juin is dismissed from the National Defense Council for taking a position in favor of French Algeria.

TIME LINE ALGERIA 1945 to 1957

2009-06-10T20:15:00.000-07:00

Marxists Internet Archive: History Archive: Algeria

Principal Dates and Time Line of
Algeria 1945-1957
From Timelines of History

1945 April 24 Messali Hadj is interned at El Golea.
April 30 Maurice Torres lays the cornerstone of La Masion du Peuple on the Place Desaix in the Communist stronghold of Bab el Oued.
May 1 Nationalists marchers in the May Day parade unfurl their banners in front of 10th Military Region headquarters on the Rue d’Isly, Algiers. The garrison opens fire killing 11 marchers and wounding many more.
May 1 Supporters of Messali Hadj commemorate the Liberation with riotous demonstrations that bring out the Army. Several nationalists are killed or injured in Bône and Oran.
May 2 – 7 Nationalist leaders throughout Algeria are arrested. Ferhat Abbas is left at liberty.
May 8 – 17 Thousands of rioting Moslems attack military posts and police stations, burn farms and destroy bridges in Petite Kabylia. Europeans and Jews are massacred (200 dead and 300 injured). The bloodiest rioting takes place in the triangle bounded by Bougie, Djidjelli and Constantine. Sétif, the stronghold of Ferhat Abbas, is the scene of the worst violence.
May 8 – 17 The Army exacts bloody reprisals. The Air Force and Navy bombard insurgent Arab villages. Official figures, based on ration cards, show 1,150 Moslems killed. Nationalists claim that 25,000 have been killed.
May 9 “The Algerian Communist Party appeals to the Algerian population to unite to exterminate the vestiges of fascism everywhere they remain. It is time to punish the traitors, to confiscate their property. It is time, finally, to call on the populations of Algeria to found a true democracy.” The Europeans of the PCA organize militias and actively participate in the repression of the Moslems.
May 10 General de Gaulle wires Governor General Yves Chataigneau, “Please transmit to the families of the victims of the aggression at Sétif, the sympathy of General de Gaulle and the entire government. Please affirm, publicly, the will of victorious France to not allow any attack on French sovereignty in Algeria. Please take all necessary measures to repress any anti-French intrigues by a minority of agitators. Please affirm that France retains its confidence in the mass of French Moslems of Algeria.”
May 22 Amnesty is granted all who submit to French authority and disposed of their arms.
May 22 General Duval, Army commander in Algeria, tells a gathering of local politicians, “I have given you peace for 10 years. But one should not be deluded. Everything must change in Algeria.”
May 26 Order is restored. The rebellion is crushed. 3,696 insurgents have been arrested. 99 will be sentenced to death, the others are handed hard labor and prison sentences.
June 15 The French Government orders the closure of United States military bases in Algeria in response to American policy favors decolonization.
July 3 Interior Minister Adrien Tixier declares order restored in the Department of Constantine and announces plans for, "the integration of Moslems into the French Community," by granting the vote about 800,000 of them.
November 30 Marcel Cerdan wins the Middleweight Boxing Championship of France with a 3rd round knock out of Assane Diouf at the Palais des Sports in Paris.
1946 February Three hundred people are killed when earthquakes rattle Sétif and Batna.
March 15 An amnesty is granted to most of the Nationalists imprisoned for the 1945 riots. Ahmed Francis, Ferhat Abbas, Ahmed Boumendjel, Mohamed Khider and Larbi Ben M'Hidi are released.
March 16 Ferhat Abbas calls on Algerians, “French and Moslem” to reconcile within a democratic Algerian homeland, an Algerian Algeria within the French Union.
April 14 Ferhat Abbas reconstitutes the Union Démocratique du Manifeste Algérien (UDMA).
June 2 Ferhat Abbas' UDMA wins 11 of the 13 National Assembly seats allotted to the 2nd electoral college. Socialists deputies represent the other Moslem constituencies in the new chamber.
August 2 UDMA deputies introduce a bill in the National Assembly calling for the creation of a, “Constitution of the Algerian Republic” within the French Union.
August 14 Admiral Jean Charles Abrial, Governor General of Algeria under Vichy, is convicted of collaboration and sentenced to 10 years at hard labor.
October 13 The Constitution of the Fourth Republic is approved in a referendum despite the opposition of General de Gaulle. The charter is approved by 53% of voters in Metropolitan France but less than 39% of Algerian voters are in accord.
November 10 The Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD) elects 5 members to the National Assembly.
December 19 Ten prisoners are executed for acts committed during the May, 1945 riots.
1947 February 2 Marcel Cerdan wins the European Middleweight Boxing Championship with a 1st round knock out of Belgian Leon Fouquet in Paris.
March 23 Belkacem Krim, who fled to the bush, is sentenced to death in absentia.
August 27 The National Assembly approves an Organic Act for Algeria by a vote of 328 to 33 with 208 deputies abstaining including all 15 Moslems. The Act:
Replaces government by decree with a 120 member Algerian Assembly but maintains the two college electoral system. Half the members are to be elected by French citizens and half by French subjects i.e. most Moslems.
Provides for separation of Mosque and State.
Replaces communes mixtes with democratically elected local councils.
Recognizes Arabic along with French as an official language and language of school instruction.
Replaces the military government of the Saharan territories with civil departments.
Enfranchises Moslem women.
The 21st Congress of the PPA-MTLD decides to maintain the PPA as a clandestine organization, constitute the MTLD as a legal front and organize an army, the Organization Spéciale (OS).
September 20 The Saharan territories are organized as French departments.
October 9 Hocine Aït Ahmed is sentenced to a year in prison for advocating insurrection.
October 12 Charles de Gaulle declares that, “any policy which would have the effect of reducing the rights and duties of France, here (in Algeria), or cause the French Moslems to think it would be permissible for them to one day separate their fate from that of France, would that not open the door to decline?... to those Frenchmen, Moslem or not, who are misled in the dream of secession, I say today, before you all, you are mistaken and mislead the others! Your future as proud and free men and that of your children can only be found with France and in France.”
November 28 General Philippe Leclerc is killed in an airplane crash near Colomb Bechar.
During the Year Albert Camus' novel La Peste (The Plague) is published. The fictional story of rat infestation and an ensuing epidemic set in Oran is interpreted by some as a metaphor for the German occupation of Paris.
1948 April 11 Second round balloting in the first elections for the Algerian Assembly is marked by widespread fraud and intimidation of Nationalist voters. Thirty percent of the 2nd college electorate abstains from voting.
Resulting Distribution of Seats
First Electoral College
Gaullists 38
Independents 14
Socialists 4
Communists 1
Radicals 1
Second Electoral College
Independents 43
MTLD (Messali Hadj) 9
UDMA (Ferhat Abbas) 8
May 6 Collaboration charges against General Maxime Weygand, who served as Governor General of Algeria and commander of the French Army in North Africa from July to November, 1941, are dismissed for acts of resistance.
September 21 Marcel Cerdan wins the World Middleweight Boxing Championship with a 12th round knock out of American Tony Zale in a match at Jersey City, New Jersey.
October The Departmental General Council of Algiers approves a resolution calling for a ban on the Communist Party of Algeria by a vote of 24 to 2.
November 25 Collaboration charges against Air Minister and General Jean Bergeret are dismissed for acts of resistance.
During the Year Alain Mimoun wins the silver medal in the men's 10,000 meter race at the London Olympic Games.
Geologists discover oil and gas reserves in the Sahara.
Aït Ahmed Hocine takes charge of the OS.
1949 May 8 President Vincent Auriol makes the first visit to Algeria by a French head of state since 1930 to present the Croix de Guerre to the cities of Algiers and Bône.
May 10 Saiah Abdelkader is elected speaker of the Algerian Assembly by a vote of 96 to 24.
May 26 - 28 The 5th Congress of the Algerian Communist Party meets in Oran. The Congress condemns the Arab League as a, "tool of the Anglo-American imperialists and the Arab landowners."
August 4 An OS gang led by Ahmed Ben Bella and Hocine Aït Ahmed steals 3 million francs from the Oran post office. A guard is killed during the robbery.
October 15 Governor General Marcel Naegelen dedicates a monument to Abd el Kader on the Cacherou plateau. The memorial is inscribed with the Emir’s words, “If the Moslems and the Christians will listen to me, I will end their quarrels and they will become brothers inside and out.”
October 27 Marcel Cerdan is killed when his Air France flight to New York crashes in the Azores. The boxer was en route a World Middleweight Championship rematch with Jake LaMotta. His career ends with 106 wins including 61 knock outs and 4 losses.
1950 Amhed Ben Bella is arrested and sentenced to 8 years in prison for robbing the Oran post office.
Belhadj Djilali Abd el Kader is arrest and sentenced to 3 years in prison for nationalist conspiracy.
March 18 Khiarri Abd el Kader, who resigned from the MTLD, is murdered by the OS. The killers are arrested at the scene. Information obtained during their interrogation leads to the arrest of over 200 other OS members.
April 30 Conrad Kilian, who failed in his quest to attract support for development of Saharan petroleum resources during the 1920s, is found hanging from the window shutters of his room. The death is ruled a suicide.
September Over 1,000 Algerian Nationalists are arrested in Paris and Marseilles following protests against a decree banning the Nationalist newspaper Algérie Libre.
December 15 Bachir Rouighi, a Frenchman from Laghouat, wins the Algiers – Capetown Rally in a Berliet truck.
During the Year The Pasteur Institute of Algiers announces the development of a serum which is 92% effective in the treatment of scorpion bites.
1951 April 19 Roger Léonard, the newly appointed Governor General, arrives in Algiers.
June Electoral fraud deprives the Nationalists of victory in elections for the National Assembly.
July Messali Hadj, Ferhat Abbas and the Oulemas agree to join the Communists in an Algerian Front for the Defense and Respect of Liberty. The Front is a protest against the fraud and coercion exercised by the administration in the June elections, restrictions on civil liberties and state interference in Moslem religious institutions. The Nationalists and Communists agree to ignore their differences on foreign policy but fail to reach agreement on a common slate of candidates.
July 23 Ramdane Abane, a member of the PPA, is sentenced to 6 years in prison.
October Nationalists boycott municipal elections. Only 20% of 2nd college electors cast their ballot.
1952 March 16 Ahmed Ben Bella escapes from Blida Prison with Ali Mahsas, another nationalist, and flees to Cairo.
May 7 General Alphose Juin, a native of Bône, is made a Marshal of France.
May 14 The arrival of Messali Hadj at Orléanville incites a riot. Police kill 2 demonstrators. A police commissioner is seriously injured. The leader of the MNA is exiled to France.
During the Year Alain Mimoun wins silver medals in the men's 5,000 and 10,000 meter races at the Helsinki Olympic Games.
1954 January 16 René Coty is inaugurated as President of the French Republic.
March 10 Natural gas reserves are discovered at In Salah in the Sahara.
March 30 The “nine historic leaders” of the Algerian Revolution form the Comité Révolutionnaire d’Unité et d’Action (CRUA). The move follows the breakup of Messali Hadj’s Mouvement Nationaliste Algérienne (MNA),
June 3 Mohamed Boudiaf, leader of the Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Démocratiques (MTLD), becomes the first President of the CRUA.
June 18 Pierre Mendés France becomes Premier of France.
August 1 General Paul Cherrière assumes command of the Army in Algeria.
August Ferhat Abbas meets with Pierre Mendes France in Paris. Abbas warns the Premier that unless the 1947 Organic Act is fully implemented, “without fraud, and with the minimum delay,” moderate leaders such as Abbas will be swept aside by the course of events.
September 9 A strong earthquake rocks the Orléansville region killing 1,450 people.
October 10 Six of the “nine historic leaders” of the Algerian Revolution; Rabah Bitat, Mostefa Ben Boulaid, Mourad Didouche, Mohamed Boudiaf, Belkacem Krim and Larbi Ben M'Hidi approve the transformation of the CRUA into the National Liberation Front (FLN), establish the Army of National Liberation (ALN) and decide to launch an insurrection on November 1st during a meeting at the Climat de France, a house overlooking Bab el Oued. The missing “historics”, Mohamed Khider, Ahmed Ben Bella and Hocine Ait Ahmed are in Cairo.
October 30 The French Army in Algeria numbers 56,000. Algeria’s police force numbers 2,300 for a population of 10 million, a little more than one fifth the per capita size of the force in metropolitan France.
October 31 Jean Vaujour, Prefect of the Algiers police, alerts the 10th Military District to the possibility of an insurrection during the next 48 hours.
October 31 The first bombs explode shortly before midnight. The military is put on alert. Arms are removed from Boufarik and other barracks.
October 31 Around midnight, the first civilian casualty of the revolution, 19 year old François Laurent, is killed outside the Cassaigne police station near Oran.
November 1 An FLN announcement broadcast over Cairo’s Voice of the Arabs declares, “Algeria is returning to the fight for the freedom of Islam.”November 1An FLN announcement broadcast over Cairo’s Voice of the Arabs declares, “Algeria is returning to the fight for the freedom of Islam.”November 1Rebels halt a bus in the Aurés. The Caid of M'Chouneche Ben Hadj Sadok, a well known, "Friend of France", and Guy Monnerot, a school teacher recently arrived from metropolitan France, are killed. Monnerot’s wife Jeannine is seriously injured in the attack.
November 1 The first military casualties of the Algerian Revolution are Pierre Audat, a Chasseur from the 9th Régiment Coloniale d'Artillerie and Brigade Chief Eugène Cochet from the 2/4 RA killed at Batna; André Marquet of the 4th RA and Lieutenant Gérard Darneau of the Spahis killed at Kenchela and Hamed Harouk, a police detective, killed at Dra El Mizan.
November 2 The Communist Party journal Alger Républicain labels the perpetrators of the, “All Saints Day tragedy”, “provocateurs”, “sowers of panic” and, “a handful of unconscionable or corrupt agitators” and calls on the authorities to, “appeal to the masses for the annihilation of the rebellion.”
November 2 Moulay Merbah, General Secretary of the MTLD, is arrested.
November 3 A court rules that soldiers involved in clashes with civilians in peacetime must be arraigned before and an examining magistrate. Repression of the 1945 riots is held to be legal because it occurred while the laws of war were still in force.
November 4 Troops are sent into the Aurès to relieve Arris and Foum Toub which are surrounded by the rebels.
November 5 Messali Hadj founds the Mouvement Nationaliste Algérienne.
November 6 Several civilians are killed when rebels machinegun a bus enroute from Camp du Maréchal to Dellys.
November 9 Arms purchased in Toulon and Marseilles are seized from the steamer Governor General Chanzy.
November 10 The walls of Algiers are covered with nationalist slogans, some in Arabic script, reading; “VIVE LE FLN, MNA, MESSALI HADJ, ALGÉRIE ALGÉRIENNE or LA VALISE OU LE CERCUEIL (THE SUITCASE OR THE COFFIN, a reference to the choice the FLN proposes to give Algeria’s Europeans).
November 12 Premier Pierre Mendés France declares that, “The Algerian departments constitute a part of the French Republic. They are of an irrevocable character. Never will France, any Government, any French Parliament, yield on this fundamental principal.”
November 12Interior Minister François Mitterrand declares, “I will not permit negotiation with the enemies of the country. The only negotiation is war.”November 16Several people are killed in FLN attacks on the villages of Pasteur and Makouba.
November 29 The 18th Régiment Parachustiste Coloniale kills 23 rebels including the leader, Belkacem Grine, and takes 18 prisoners during a ten hour skirmish near Arris in the Aurès. The French lose 4 dead and 7 wounded.
November 30 The courts order an autopsy on the bodies of those killed in the Arris skirmish.
November 31 The rebels captured at Arris are arraigned before a magistrate who asks, “Did you give the customary warnings before opening fire? Was in necessary to use a machinegun?”December 1General Cherrière’s forces number 76,000.
December 7 Messali Hadj, under house arrest at Sables d'Olonne in France, intimates to his followers that he gave the go ahead for the November 1st uprising.
December 14 The rebels kill 15 Moslem Francophiles in the Aurès.
December 22 Police in Algeria and metropolitan France place MTLD militants under surveillance.
December 24 The church of Dahroussa near Randon is destroyed by order of terrorist leader Zedam Mohamed.
1955 January 18 Mourad Didouche, one of the nine historics and leader of the FLN in the Northern Constantine, is killed during an attack on a military post at Condé Smendou.
January 19 Operation Véronique is launched in the Amar Khadou Mountains north of the Aurès.
January 22 Abane Ramdane is released from prison and joins the FLN.
January 23 Operation Violette begins in the Tizé and Fouchi Mountains south of the Aurès.
January 23 The President of the Djemaa of the M’Chot douar is killed in plain sight by an outlaw who takes flight.
January 28 Two people are killed and 3 wounded in a rebel attack on an ambulance near Biskra.
February 6 The Government of Premier Pierre Mendés France falls.
February 9 Mostefa Ben Boulaid is arrested at Ben Gardane on the Tunisian - Libyan border.
February 10 The freighter Athos docks at Nador, Spanish Morocco, where it takes on an arms shipment destined for delivery to the rebels.
February 15 The new Governor General, Jacques Soustelle, arrives in Algiers where he receives a cool reception from the Europeans who believe he is ready to write them off.
February 16 Algeria’s forces of public order include 73,000 troops and 5,700 police.
February 23 The Government of Premier Edgar Faure takes office.
February 27 Rabah Zerrari, the future Commandant Si Azedine, is surprised while robbing the safe at the Caterpillar factory where he works as a welder. He manages to escape and joins the FLN near Palestro.
March 3 Governor General Jacques Soustelle reestablishes the Bureaux Arabes which were abolished in 1871 under the name Section Administrative Spécialisée (SAS). Nearly 700 offices are immediately opened.
March 9 The Unités Territoriales are formed by reservists living in Algeria. They serve every 10th day or 10 days every 4 months manning check points and providing protection for youth groups.
March 23 Rabah Bitat, one of the nine historic founders of the FLN, is arrested.
March 28 The Army introduces heavy helicopters to carry out mobile operations against the rebels.
April 1 A state of emergency is declared in the Grande Kabylie and in the Aurès.
April 6 Messali Hadj, founder of the MNA who is living under house arrest in France, is transferred from Belle Ile en Mer to Angoulême.
April 14 Municipal Councilor Saibi Mohamed is kidnapped from the Douar of Tarfana, Constantine.
April 22 Ali la Pointe, future aide de camp to Yacef Saadi, escapes from the Damiette labor camp near Médéa where he is serving a sentence for attempted murder.
May 6 Messali Hadj is released from house arrest.
May 6 Two forest rangers, Moertens and Dauty, are killed in Kabylia and near Ain Kechera.
May 12 Fourteen people are killed and more than 20 wounded in rebel attacks in the Aurès and the Constantine region.
May 12 Ludovic Ferracu, stonemason, has his throat cut, near Batna, by a Moslem who flees the scene.
May 15 The French Army is forced to withdraw from Nemencha in the Aurès.
May 16 Algiers mayor Jacques Chevalier secures the parole of 11 FLN detainees arrested after the November 1954 attacks including Yusef Ben Khedda, the future President of the Provisional Government.
May 16 A band of outlaws invades the village of Ain Naga near Biskra. Ten of them are killed by the veterans home guard.
May 18 The French Cabinet authorizes aerial bombardment in Algeria.
May 18 2,000 feet of vines are uprooted at a farm in Bimandreis near Algiers.
May 21 A decree authorizes the mobilization of reservists living in Algeria.
May 22 Two Algiers shopkeepers, Mr. Bonnier and René Fernandez, are gravely wounded by a terrorist who is cut down.
May 22 Rebels uproot 25,000 feet of vines covering 6 hectares on the farm of M. J. Torres, Mayor of Fondouk.
May 22 The small village of Youks Les Bains is attacked for a second time by the rebels.
May 22 Caid M’Touza, President of the Djemaa and the home guard is kidnapped by the outlaws.
May 23 Mohamed Boudiaf, Yacef Saadi and Ali Mahsas meet in a Zurich hotel. They decide to back the anti-MNA terrorists and physically liquidate the leaders of the MNA including Messali Hadj.
May 24 Six paratroopers held prisoner by the FLN overwhelm their guards and escape.
May 25 The bodies of an administrator and five soldiers killed in an ambush near Guentis in the Aurès are found mutilated.
May 28 The bus from Tizi Ouzou to Boghari is machine-gunned by the FLN. Several Moslem passengers are left dead or wounded.
June 2 The 2nd Mechanized Infantry Division arrives in Algeria and is stationed in the Grande Kabylie.
June 3 General Henri Lorillot replaces General Cherrière as Commander in Chief of the Army in Algeria.
June 7 Yacef Saadi is arrested at Orly Airport, Paris. Saadi is sent to Algiers where he is released by the Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire (DST) which believes he will act as an informant. The only names given by Saadi are those of the Messalistes (MNA) leaders in the city.
June 11 The Algiers - Grande Kabylie bus is machine-gunned by European counter terrorists at Hussein Dey. Several Moslem passengers are wounded.
June 18 The FLN “commemorates” the anniversary of General de Gaulle’s 1940 appeal for continued French resistance in World War II with a wave of attacks at Philippeville. Seven bombs go off killing several civilians.
June 20 The Central Committee of the Algerian Communist Party decides to ally itself with the FLN during a secret meeting in Bab el Oued.
June 20 Paul Caballero, General Secretary of the Algerian Communist Party, is arrested for collusion with the FLN.
July 2 General Jacques Massu arrives in Algiers from Tunisia.
July 3 Four Frenchmen are wounded by terrorists in Philippeville.
July 5 The 8th Spahis leave Saigon for Algiers.
July 30 An Aïd el Kébir demonstration organized by the FLN incites a riot in the La Chapelle quarter of Paris.
August 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 145,000 men.
August 5 The French Army reoccupies Nemencha in the Aurès.
August 6 Soldiers participating in operations related to the maintenance of order and security in North Africa are granted the same rights as those participating in external conflicts.
August 7 Bône and surrounding districts are separated from Constantine to form a fourth Algerian department.
August 20 Over a thousand FLN supporters attack Philippeville at midday. French troops kill 134 and wound 300 of the insurgents who are forced to retreat.
August 20 The FLN forces Moslem workers to participate in the massacre of 35 Europeans at the El Halia mining camp near Philippeville. French troops sent to aid the survivors kill 83 of the assailants and take 58 prisoners.
August 20 Thirty nine localities including Kenifra and Oued Zen are attacked by the men of FLN Chief Zighout Youssef. The rebels cut the throats of 171 Frenchmen. 500 rebels are killed, 70 wounded, 1000 taken prisoner.
August 20 Allouah Abbas, Constantine municipal councilor and nephew of UDMA leader Ferhat Abbas, is killed by FLN terrorists acting under orders from Ben Tobbal.
August 22 Terrorists attack 25 towns in the Constantine. Thirty one Europeans are killed and 66 wounded.
August 22 Three French journalists, André Leveuf, Ladeveze and Roland Jourdan are killed at Khenisra.
August 23 The Mayor of Fort National is shot in the head and killed by the FLN.
August 23 Baiche Areski and his cousin are killed by the fellagha in the Algiers Casbah.
August 24 The military classes of 1952 and 1953 are mobilized.
August 29 The military class of 1954 is mobilized. The term of service remains 18 months but draftees are conscripted for the duration and receive the same pay as volunteers. Some
will serve 32 months, others 27 months. Underground miners serve 18 months.
September 3 The Communist Party of Algeria is outlawed.
September 11 Riot police clash with protestors at the Gare de Lyon in Paris. The demonstrators are attempting to block the departure of reservists called up for service in Algeria.
September 17 Five civilians are murdered in the Constantine Department.
September 24 Premier Edgar Faure declares, “All the honor of France, as her humanitarian mission, we impose, without equivocation and without reticence, to keep and Algeria French and in France.... Our goal has become the complete integration of Algeria.”September 25Bachir Chihani’s 150 man Aurés FLN unit is put out of action.
October 1 Albert Camus, writing in Communauté Algérienne, declares, “I have the Algerian problem like others have lung problems.”October 2Liberté, the clandestine journal of the Algerian Communist Party, publishes the FLN’s response to a question posed by Francis Jeanson, “Islam cannot flourish under colonialism...We would accept a Jew, a Protestant, a Catholic, provided that they decide to fight for national liberation and that they accept the program of the Front and only this program."
October 3 Ten members of the FLN's El Biar cell are arrested. Their leader, municipal councilor Allal Mezzi, manages to escape.
October 4 Twenty people are murdered in the Constantine Department.
October 6 Six Europeans and four Moslems are kidnapped at Lannoy near Jammapes in the Constantine Department.
October 9 North African demonstrators, led by the agents of the FLN, clash with the forces of public order in Paris, Saint Etienne and Douai, where a police detective has his throat slit and three others are wounded. Two demonstrators are cut down.
October 20 Amar Ali aka Ali la Pointe, recently escaped from prison, contacts Yacef Saadi who will make Ali his assistant.
October 24 Lieutenant Colonel Marcel Bigeard assumes command of the 3rd Régiment Parachustiste Coloniale.
October 25 Bachir Chihani, FLN commander in the Aurés, is executed by his compatriots for incompetence.
October 30 The FLN instructs Moslems to, “Drink no more, smoke no more, play no more.”November 2Larbi Ben M'Hidi takes command of the Algiers Autonomous Zone (ZAA) with Yacef Saadi as his aide.
November 8 Deputy Marcel Paternot of Algiers denounces the Alfalfa Scandal in the National Assembly. The royalty paid by La Société Général des Alfas on alfalfa harvested from its 690,000 hectare concession in Algeria has been fixed at 15 centimes per ton since 1873. The company pays only 15,000 francs to the French treasury on 3 billion francs worth of grain harvested during the year.
November 10 Hassiba Ben Boulaid, commander of the rebels in the Aurès, escapes from the Constantine prison.
November 15 The FLN undertakes an offensive against criminal gangs operating in the Algiers Casbah. Most of the gangsters are killed or join the ranks of the FLN.
November 18 A civil administrator’s escort is attacked in the Constantine: 3 guards are killed, 3 others wounded and an NCO is kidnapped and murdered.November 18
The Chief of the Sûreté Urbaine of Constantine is wounded in an attack.
November 24 René Fredy, Police Commissioner of the Reboute quarter, is killed by a terrorist in Algiers.
November 27 Nineteen people are killed in an ambush at Tizi Ouzli.
November 29 The Government of Edgar Faure falls.
December 1 The French Army in Algeria number 160,000 men.
December 5 An attack on the center of Lamy, in the Constantine, near the Tunisian frontier, leaves 40 dead among the Moslem population and the outlaws.
December 7 A letter circulating between, Ferhat Abbas, Ahmed Francis (Future GPRA finance minister) and Amara Mohamed, the President of the Algiers Moslem Students Association, is discovered by the authorities. Francis and Mohamed are arrested and quickly released.
December 10 The leader of the MNA in Algiers is killed by the FLN.
December 12 The FLN acts to enforce its edict banning Moslems from engaging in amusements. Bombs are setoff in the Olympia and Donyazad cinémas which are showing Arabic language films. Twenty one Moslems are injured.
December 12 Election of deputies to National Assembly is postponed in Algeria.
December 18 Five people are killed in an ambush near Bône.
December 18 An attack on the civilian hospital in Constantine fails.
December 24 A forest ranger, Antoine Gheradi, his wife, and three of their children are savagely murdered near Sétif.
December 27 An attack on the Governor General’s palace in Algiers fails.
December 30 Several Communists are arrested in the Constantine Department while preparing terrorist attacks for January 2nd.
1956 January 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 186,000 men.
January 4 Sixty one members of the National Assembly, Algerian Assembly and French Union Assembly demand recognition as Algerian rather than French citizens and begin a boycott of their respective institutions.
January 4 Five French Moslems are murdered in the Constantine.
January 4 A Berber grocer, the father of six children, is killed by a terrorist in the Clos Salembier, Algiers.
January 7 Governor General Jacques Soustelle writes Premier Edgar Faure, “Generally, it is the ‘petits’ [small colons] who are most desperate, having no other country, only this one, nor the means to settle elsewhere. These ‘petits’ constitute the majority of Europeans in Algeria.” He paraphrases the attitude of loyal Moslems, “Since you can neither guarantee our safety nor lay down a firm policy, what would you have us do? We are obliged to give pledges to the FLN, either by resigning or succumbing to violence...We fear that in the event France liquidates its position, we will become the victims of our loyalty to France.” January 7
Three French schoolteachers are kidnapped in Kabylia. Pierre Morer and François Defour of Sete eventually escape. Paul Dupuy of Montpellier disappears.
January 8 The FLN kills 8 Europeans and 112 Moslems, wounds 28 Europeans and 99 Moslems and kidnaps 30 Moslems in the Constantine region.
January 8 Gilbert Meloni and André Krief, Algerian conscripts, are murdered by the workers at the farm they are guarding.
January 8 Sheik Hammarbe Seghir, and his nephew, Natbi Said, are murdered by the rebels near Tazmalt.
January 8 Three employees are murdered at the Chettaba Plasterworks near Constantine.
January 10 FLN rebels, acting on orders from Ait Hamouda Amirouche, massacre 1,000 Moslems at Oued Amizour in the Soummam Valley.
January 10 Five people are wounded in grenade attacks at Bône. A taxicab driver, Seghir Miloud is murdered in the same city.
January 15 Bellounis establishes an MNA maquis between Palestro and Bouira to prevent the FLN from gaining a monopoly on freedom of movement among the native population. FLN attacks quickly force him to move to the high plateau near Aumale south of Algiers.
January 19 The funeral of Doctor Benzerdjeb, who was killed by the Army while working with the FLN, incites fighting between Moslem demonstrators and Europeans in Tlemcen.
January 20 The 3rd Regiment Étranger d'infanterie annihilates Ben Boulaid’s rebels in a battle 50 kilometers southwest of Arris.January 21
Tunisian troops kill 29 FLN rebels and take 9 prisoners in a battle 40 kilometers south of Gafsa, Tunisia.
January 22 Albert Camus and Emmanuel Roblès travel to Algiers where they call for a civil truce. Camus, “begs the combatants to put an end to the murder of the innocent, victims of nationalist terrorism and French repression".January 23
The FLN introduces a new slogan to rally the Moslem masses, “Hunt the infidels to take their land and their houses.”January 26Algerian rebels based in Morocco attack a bus carrying newly arrived French conscripts from Marnia to Port Say. The rebels kill all on board then slip back into Morocco.
January 27 Six soldiers, kidnapped in Orania, are massacred by the rebels.
January 27 A Sergeant is killed and two Tirailleurs are wounded near Bordj Menaiel.
February 1 The Government of Guy Mollet takes office in France.
February 2 An FLN demonstration in Oran turns into a riot. Eight people are killed, a dozen vehicles burned and 20 shops pillaged, ransacked or burned.
February 2 Jacques Soustelle receives the acclaim of 50,000 Algérois who try to block his departure for metropolitan France.
February 5 Police and demonstrators clash in Oran. One demonstrator is killed and two are injured. Six policemen are wounded. 15 cars and 2 buses are damaged, 9 fires set, and 20 stores including 2 cafés and 7 jewelers are looted. Thirteen people are arrested.
February 5 The Régiment de Tirailleurs Algériens post at Sebabna near Relizane on the Moroccan border is attacked by a band of 150 uniformed rebels. The garrison is annihilated with the help of some Moslem tirailleurs.
February 5 Louis Pitot, a cashier at the Ain Farroun post office is killed by a terrorist.
February 6 Premier Guy Mollet’s arrival in Algiers is marked by violent demonstrations. February 6
A bar at Sainte Amélie in the Sahel is attacked by a bomb thrower.
February 9 Resident Minister General Georges Catroux, who favors decolonization, resigns. Robert Lacoste is appointed to succeed him.
February 7 The FLN outlines its conditions for a settlement at press conference in Cairo, recognition of the principal of Algerian independence, formation of an Algerian government by negotiation and no statute of privilege for the Europeans of Algeria.
February 12 The FLN decrees that Moslems forego the customary sacrifice of sheep for the festival of Aïd for the duration of the revolution and donate the price of the sheep to its treasury.
February 13 General Marie André Zeller resigns to protest the slow pace in dispatching reinforcements to Algeria.
February 14 Generals Zeller and Guillaume are replace by Generals Ely and Piatte on the Army General Staff in Paris.
February 16 Mr. and Mrs. Cruet and their niece are murdered at their farm in the Boudouaou Valley. The farm buildings are burnt.
February 21 Operation 744, the first helicopter airlift of the Algerian War, begins in the Kabylia west of Bougie.
February 21 Twenty one soldiers of the 51st Infantry Regiment are killed in an ambush near El Milia.
February 23 The Robles Farm in the Boudouaou Valley is burnt.
February 23 A day of attacks and skirmishes leaves 106 people dead throughout the country.
February 24 Seven Europeans including a 7½ year old girl and 2 Moslems are killed in an attack on the Bou Saada - Algiers bus.
February 24 Three farms at St.Pierre – St. Paul are attacked by the FLN.February 25
Five hundred rebels attempt to take a police arms depot by storm. One attacker is killed and 3 are wounded.
February 28 Resident Minister Robert Lacoste calls for an additional 200,000 troops and declares, “France will not abandon Algeria.”March 4A terrorist shoots and kills Seridi, Abdel Majid, Hazzab of the Guelma Mosque.
March 8 French paratroopers trap a company of Tirailleurs Algériens who deserted their post near Guelma after slitting the throats of the European officers. 126 deserters are killed and 6 are taken prisoners. The paras lose one man.
March 8 Terrorists posing as French soldiers annihilate nine members of the Benejean and Servat families at their farms outside Palestro.
March 8 Rebellious Tirailleurs Algériens murder 8 French soldiers and 3 French women at Souk Arras.
March 8 Five Moslem notables are murdered in the Constantine.
March 8 Farmer Cyprien Avanza is murdered near La Calle.
March 9 10,000 Moslems demonstrators riot in Paris. Police arrest 2,300 and seize arms.
March 10 A large quantity, 10 to 12 tons, of arms and munitions are hidden for the rebels at the Camp des Trois Fontaines near Nancy, France.
March 11 Six soldiers are killed in a terrorist attack on the Degoul Farm at Vialar.
March 12 The National Assembly grants special powers to the Mollet Government which in turn gives the Army carte blanche to deal with the rebellion and terrorism.
March 12 Twelve people are wounded in a grenade attack on a café in Khroubs.
March 13 Moslem children are withdrawn from Algiers schools on the pretext that they are being given poisoned milk.
March 15 France orders 300 light reconnaissance aircraft from the United States.
March 16 A curfew is imposed on Algiers.
March 17 The Government decrees that henceforth persons accused of acts of pillage, plundering, desertion and terrorism will be tried by military tribunals.
March 17 Rebels attack farms in the Boudouaou Valley. The manager of the Raisinette Estate is murdered, the citrus groves are cut down and hay sheds burnt.
March 19 19,000 North African workers go on strike in northern France.
March 20 University of Algiers professor André Mandouze is expelled from Algeria for supporting the FLN.
March 21 The bodies of 15 Moslems whose throats were slit by the fellagha are discovered near Seddouk.
March 21 Philippe Buret, proprietor of the Café de l'Avenir, at Fort National, is murdered by the rebels.
March 21 Six members of the Beni Abyles family are killed by the rebels at a market near Chevreul in the Constantine.
March 22 Mustafa Ben Boulai, leader of the FLN guerillas in the Aurès, is killed when a radio controlled bomb planted by the French Special Services is detonated.
March 22 The bodies of 20 rebels are discovered near Akbou with their throats slit.
March 23 5,000 Berbers in the Palestro region affirm their loyalty to France.
March 23 Striking North African workers clash with police in Roubaix, France. Police arrest 300 strikers in Lille.
March 24–27 The 2nd Congress of UGEM (Moslem Students Union), meeting in Paris, approves a resolution denouncing, “colonialism” as “the source of misery and illiteracy.”
March 25 Four Communists are arrested in Algiers and charged with threatening the security of the state.
March 26 Noël Sabatier, age 27, is killed by rebels on his property near Maillot.
March 26 Rebels attack the Grosrenaud Farm in the Boudouaou Valley which is occupied by a military detachment. One soldier is killed.
March 27 Ben Boulaid, FLN commandeer in the Aurès, is killed in his headquarters when the French intelligence services succeed in setting a trap with a radio message.
March 27 Hammami Boussad, his wife and his 18 month old son, are murdered in the village of Out Saada, in Kabylia. Four other children are wounded in the attack.
March 29 The Council of the Arab League approves are resolution of support for the Algerian people in their fight for independence at a meeting in Cairo.
March 29 A medical officer, Lieutenant Guillemont, is kidnapped at Djidjelli.
March 29 Medical auxiliary Maurice Feignon and Moslem NCOs captured by rebels at Sebdou are tortured with hot irons and boiling liquid then have their throats cut.
March 30 7,000 North African workers strike in Lyon, France.
March 30 Three French soldiers are kidnapped by the FLN at Texena.
March 30 Constantine police commissioner Jean Sanmarcelli is murdered on the street in broad daylight.
March 31 The proprietors of the Serra Farm are murdered. The following day the murderers return and carry off the chickens.
March 31 Léon Martel, Commandant of the Unité Territoriale de Protection, President of the Rhine and Danube Society and Officer of the Legion of Honor, is killed by five knife stabs at L'Alma.
March 31 Police clash with striking North Africans in Longwy, France. Three officers are injured and 150 strikers arrested.
April 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 193,000 men.
April 2 A four year old child is injured in a grenade attack on an Algiers cinéma.
April 4 Conscript Henri Maillot, a bookkeeper for the Communist newspaper Alger Républicain, deserts in a truck loaded with 97 rifles, 85 machine guns, 90 pistols and 12 cases of grenades and munitions which he turns over to 3 other Communists in the forest of Bainem, 8 kilometers from Algiers. He is then sheltered by a priest in Bab el Oued.
April 4 Fifteen Moslems are killed, 3 policemen and 3 soldiers are wounded in terrorist attacks in the Constantine.
April 6 A battle of unprecedented magnitude (400 combatants on each side) at Djebel Djorf in the Aurès ends in a stalemate.
April 7 A Red maquis is formed by European and Moslem members of the Algerian Communist Party in the Ouarsenis region.
April 10 An FLN ambush and French counter attack leaves 120 rebels and 20 French soldiers dead.
April 10 The rebels burn a bus and steal 4 million francs in an attack near Tizi Ouzou Lieutenant Touati of the 5th Regiment de Tirailleurs Algériens is arrested for supplying the rebels with information to carryout the robbery.
April 10 Simone Minguet, Raymond Bouvet and Jaime Weill are arrested in Paris for distributing copies of La Résistance Algérienne.
April 11 A decree calls 170,000 members of the military classes of 1951 to 1954 in Algeria to the colors.
April 11 La Croix de la Valeur Militaire is instituted to reward acts of valor. Official policy denies that there is a war under way in Algeria therefore it is not possible to award la Croix de Guerre for such acts.
April 11 Pierre Covello and his son are murdered on their farm near Jemmapes.
April 12 French diplomat Georges Gorce establishes secret contacts with representatives of the FLN in Cairo.
April 12 Reserve Second Lieutenant Lucien Guerrab, a Berber stationed at the Ducros Hospital, and a nurse, both Communists, desert to the ranks of the outlaws.
April 13 The Tirailleurs Algériens, the last French Battalion in Saigon, parade through the city before embarking for Algeria.
April 13 French workers stage work slowdowns and strikes to protest against the call up of conscripts.
April 14 Rebels enter the village of Tifrit N’ait Ou Malek despite fierce resistance. Sheikh Hadj Mouhab, a venerable religious personage to all the Upper Kabylia and chief of Zaouîa, is tortured before his throat is cut in front of the inhabitants. Five members of the Sheikh’s family including, his father, Bachaga Mouheb, a Knight of the Legion of Honor, suffer similar fates. The Bachaga was requested to place himself under the protection of the rural protection guards when the war began.April 15
Doctor Counillon, who disappeared from the psychiatric hospital at Blida at the end of 1955, organizes a medical service for the rebels in the Aures.
April 15 Rallies are held at Avignon, Saintes and Oyonax, France to protest the call up of conscripts.
April 16 The wife of the head guard at the civil prison in Cherchell is murdered by prisoners who escape and join the FLN.
April 16 Four people are wounded in a grenade attack on La Taverne Sétifienne
April 16 Taleb Ata el Aoues is murdered during prayer in the Grand Mosque of Algiers.
April 18 Felicien Goet is killed at his farm near Camp Du Maréchal.
April 20 Demonstrators lie down on the tracks to prevent the departure of an Algeria bound troop train from the Gare de Lyon in Paris.
April 20 A Frenchman named Pereta and two French Moslems are murdered by the rebels at Birrabalou.
April 21 Ferhat Abbas and Ahmed Francis arrive in Cairo to join the ranks of the FLN.
April 21 Three Moslems are raped and their throats slit by the rebels at Canrobert.
April 22 Electricity transmission lines are sabotaged at several points throughout the country.
April 24 Fathers Augros, Manet and Merlan, members of the Mission of France and Hippo an order of worker priests are expelled from the Departments of Bône and Constantine for aiding the rebels.
April 24 Rebels slit the throats of 70 Moslems in attacks on Berber villages.
April 25 Ferhat Abbas speaking in Cairo declares, “Neither peace nor negotiations on Algeria will take place before the proclamation of independence.”April 25A bomb explodes in the Café Bar Marcel in Philippeville killing customer Raymond Nicolas and wounding his wife.
April 25 Two inspectors from the Soil Conservation and Restoration Service, Georges Bompar and Jean Perez, are murdered by the rebels at their work site near Arba.
April 27 Rebels slit the throats of several peasants in the Soummam Valley.
April 27 The fellagha burn a tobacco shed near Tizi Ouzou destroying 500 million francs worth of property.
April 28 FLN attacks on the Algier’s Casbah, Belcourt, Hussein Dey, Bd St. Saens, Maison Carrée, Rue Randon leave several people dead and many wounded. April 28
A farm worker is murdered at Fort de l'Eau and a shopkeeper at Laverda.
April 28 Two people are injured by a grenade explosion in a café at Saint-Ferdinand.
April 29 Abdelkader Doumenc, former Algiers municipal councillor and Messali Hadj, is killed in Algiers.
May 1 North Africans provoke serious incidents during May Day demonstrations in Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Saint Étienne and Metz.
May 1 Doctor Nedir Mohamed is killed by the explosion of a mine planted beside the highway near Harba Des Ouacifs.
May 4 A dozen soldiers are killed when FLN guerillas attack a French military convoy near Tlemcen.
May 4 Rebels kidnap three 15 year old boys who were riding their bicycles near Aïn Beïda.
May 4 Mr. Tiberti, assistant to the Mayor of Rebeval, is seriously wounded.
May 4 Mr. Escoubert, a prison guard at Tizi Ouzou, is killed.
May 4 A bus is burned in broad daylight while parked on the Avenue Malakoff, Algiers.
May 4 Two aviators are kidnapped after making a forced landing at Guercif.
May 4 Three people are murdered at Michelet and Tizi Ouzou.
May 4 A strike organized by the FLN and MNA is observed by most Moslems in France along with the CGT and the Communists.
May 5 The Keddara barite mine is ransacked. Two farms in the nearby Boudouaou Valley are burnt.
May 7 Rebels attack in Orania. Twenty French farmers are murdered. 40 homes are looted or burnt. In all over 60 people, mostly Moslems, are killed.
May 7 A shipment of smuggled munitions is discovered on board the British freighter Merchant Prince.
May 7 Sixteen tirailleurs are massacred north of Taza after exhausting their last ammunition.
May 7 Eight SAS paratroopers and a Sergeant are killed near Mekla after falling into an ambush at Saint Pierre - Saint Paul. Their bodies are recovered with the throats cut.
May 7 A policeman is murdered in Boufarik.
May 7 Two soldiers are murdered in Maison Carrée.
May 7 MNA leader, Ouhad Larid, is murdered by FLN terrorists on the Rue Porte Neuve, Algiers.
May 8 Resident Minister Rober Lacoste tells the National Assembly that a major military, economic and social commitment will be required to check the rebellion and notes that only 8 of 846 major administrative positions are held by Moslems.
May 8 Louis Boyer Banse, age 77, President of the Union Française Nord Africaine and Georges-Henri Bousquet, Professor of North African Sociology at the University of Algiers are expelled from Algeria following student demonstrations hostile to the Resident Minister Rober Lacoste.
May 8 Mr. Georges Charniere, adjudant of the Terny SAS, is murdered.
May 9 Three reporters from the Journal d’Alger are attacked in the Boudouaou Valley while under escort from the gendarmes of Saint Pierre - Saint Paul. The brigadier of the gendarmerie is killed.May 9
Rebels attack 46 villages in the North Constantine including Rouached and Didjelli. Street fighting leaves Rouached in flames.
May 9 Three French soldiers are ambushed in Kedara.
May 9 Four farms near Lourmel are attacked. The president of the local djemaa is cut down in a mosque.
May 10 Antoine Mari, an employee at the Antoine Sintes Farm in Fondouk, is murdered.
May 10 Claude Azoun is killed by two gunshots near Reghaïa.
May 11 Farmers begin to flee the Tlemcen and Ain Temouchent regions.
May 11 A Moslem family of five is savagely murdered by the rebels at Ain Yagout near Batna.
May 12 The Taous Farm house is burnt and the livestock stolen.
May 12 A fellagha attempt to infiltrate Philippeville draws rifle fire.
May 12 A battle in the streets of Constantine leaves 13 people dead and 37 wounded. Order is restored after an hour of fighting.
May 13 Arms, sold to the rebels by La Manufacture de Bayonne, are discovered in France.
May 14 General Raoul Salan arrives in Algiers.
May 14 Journalist Robert Lambotte, correspondent for the French Communist Party journal, L'Humanité, is expelled from Algeria.
May 14 Two rebel bands from Morocco infiltrate the mountains in the Tlemcen region.
May 16 An operation in the Sidi Ali Bou Nab region ends with the annihilation of 89 rebels.
May 17 Les Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurite i.e riot police clash with recalcitrant conscripts at Le Mans.
May 17 Thirteen French Moslems are murdered in the Palestro area.
May 18 Twenty one conscripts of the 9th Régiment d'Infantrie Coloniale under the command of Lieutenant Hervé Artur are ambushed near the Palestro Gorge. Fifteen mutilated bodies are later recovered at the scene. Six soldiers, four of them wounded, are taken captive by the rebels. A rescue party eventually recovers four more mutilated corpses near the village of Douar Amal.
May 18 Twelve French workers are massacred by the FLN in a Biskra workshop.
May 18 Ten troopers are kidnapped by the FLN south of Lamoricière. Their bodies are recovered with the throats slit.
May 18 Ninety people are injured in clashes between police and demonstrators attempting to block the departure of conscripts from Grenoble, France.
May 19 The Army kills 53 Algerian and Tunisian rebels during an operation south of Gafsa, Tunisia.
May 19 The FLN kills 17 Moslems in the suburbs of Philippeville.
May 19 Rebels attack the town of Nemours and are repulsed with serious losses.
May 19 A French farmer, his sister, and a hunter are murdered in an ambush near Djidjelli.
May 20 The mutilated bodies of 15 colonial soldiers are discovered in the mountains near Beni Amrane.
May 21 Nineteen French Moslems, including 7 children and 6 women, are massacred in a mechta, at Vallée.
May 22 Four soldiers are taken hostage near Palestro following the massacre of their comrades.
May 23 The troops sent to search for the 2 men still missing in action from the Palestro Gorge ambush discover the entrance to the cave where they are being held. A short skirmish ensues. Sixteen rebels are killed and three taken prisoner. Both captive soldiers are wounded. One of them later succumbs to his injuries.
May 23 Sergeant Combaretti of the Rural Guards is killed at Michelet.
May 23 Henri Guenou, an agricultural engineer at Montagnac, is cut down by the rebels.
May 25 Professor André Mandouze of the University of Algiers is charged with distribution of tracts and his sympathies for the rebels.
May 25 Moslem students at the University of Algiers strike.
May 26 A midnight operation involving 6,000 men is launched in the Algiers Casbah. Arms, money and documents are seized. 4,480 suspected FLN sympathizers are arrested. 472 are released after their identities are verified. A fugitive is killed while trying to escape across the rooftops.
May 26 Thirteen French civilians including a woman are massacred by the FLN in a workshop at Oumache near Biskra.
May 26 Professor de Maisonseul, director of Urban Studies at the University of Algiers, is arrested for threatening the internal security of the state and supporting the fellagha.
May 26 Mr. Depreviel, businessman from Birmandreis near Algiers, is murdered in the Batna region.
May 28 Serious clashes between Communist demonstrators and police mark the departure of conscripts from St. Nazaire.
May 28 Roger Aurel, Assistant Prefect of Djidjelli and his wife are shot and seriously wounded by their cook of 12 years, Maadi Lakdar.
May 29 Communist deserter Henri Maillot, who delivered his regiment’s arms to the fellagha, and a teacher named Laban are sentenced to death in absentia by the Military Tribunal of Algiers.May 30
Two Moslem girls are killed and four are wound when a bomb explodes in Bougie.
May 31 A barbed wire fence is installed along the Moroccan border and is later reinforced with an electrified fence and minefields.
June 1 Twenty Communists including a woman are expelled from Algeria for aiding the FLN.
June 2 The synagogue at Orléansville is burnt.
June 2 Fourteen members of a rural police squad are killed and 2 are wounded in an ambush 6 kilometers south of the Nemours.
June 2 Four passengers are held captive by the rebels following an attack on their bus at Tounane in Orania.
June 2 Michel Vicens and a young stonemason, André Massuli, are killed near Mirabeau.
June 2 Claude Geraud, directrice of the African Information Agency in Paris, is held on bail for threatening the security of the state.
June 4 A 20 year old soldier, Pierre Vignes, is stabbed in the back at Algiers.
June 4 The municipal secretaries of Taguemount, Azouz and Beni Hilil are hung by the rebels.
June 5 Lieutenant Henri Maillot, a deserter, and Maurice Laban are killed in the Ouarsenis during an operation against the Red Maquis. The authorities are believed to have acted on information supplied by the FLN. The later apparently acted in concert with the French to eliminate the Communists as a potential political rival.
June 7 2,000 demonstrators attempt to block the departure of conscripts from the railway station at Le Havre. Graffiti covers the walls of the town, "Pas de contingent pour l'Algérie", "Paix en Algérie" and "Vive le FLN".
June 7 Demands for the protection of French soldiers are received from 200 villages in the Petit Kabylia.
June 7 Three gendarmes are ambushed 6 kilometers from Médéa.
June 8 Detective Lopez is seriously wounded by a terrorist in the Algiers Casbah.
June 8 Two people are killed and 16 injured in grenade attacks on cafés in Bône.
June 10 Constable André Rubio is killed when a terrorist fires 2 shots from a revolver into his head.
June 10 Thirty seven men, women and children are wounded by a bomb thrown in the Rue Caraman, Constantine.
June 10 Ben Yaya Mohamed Said, Mufti of the Grand Mosque, is cut down by a terrorist in Bougie.
June 11 Lieutenant Petit, administrative officer at the military hospital of Sétif, is killed by revolver shots.
June 11 Henri Francois, Sub-brigadier of police, is killed at Nemours.
June 12 A band of rebels attacks the Mosque at Bouandas where they cut the throats of 22 men from the villages of Tiguentine and Melizou.
June 12 Eighteen people are wounded by two grenades thrown during the funeral of a murdered policeman at Tlemcen.
June 12 A medical officer, Captain Fauvy, is killed during an attack at Djidjelli.
June 12 Three soldiers are murdered and two are missing near Collo.
June 12 One person is killed at Marnia and two more at Eugene - Etienne.
June 13 Twenty two French Moslems are massacred in a mechta at Djebel Bou Andas.
June 13 Michelet is the scene of a double murder.
June 15 Fourteen people are injured in grenades attacks in Bône and Duvivier. A Moslem baker named Blalali is murdered by the terrorists.
June 15 Rebels slit the throat of farm manager François Cala near St. Charles.
June 16 Lieutenant Colonel Bigeard sustains a chest wound while leading his troops in an operation against rebels in the Némenchas.
June 17 Eighteen people are injured in a terrorist attack on downtown Constantine.
June 17 A Moslem family is massacred at Maginot.
June 18 The Sometal and Krauth Farms are burnt.
June 18 The Goyard Farm is harassed. Several mills and shed burned, vines uprooted.
June 18 Teamster Joseph Torres, a father of six children, is killed in Algiers by a terrorist who is cut down.
June 19 Two FLN terrorists, Ahmed Zabane and Abdelkader Ferradj are guillotined at Barberousse prison in Algiers.
June 19 A retired battalion chief and secretary of the regional veterans society is murdered in broad daylight at Village Alma.
June 20 - 23 The FLN kills 49 Europeans in reprisal for the June 19th executions.
June 20 Four people including Gaston Tolila, photographer for the Journal d’Alger and Léon Legras, a veteran bicycle racer, are killed in the Bab El Oued district of Algiers. Sixteen others, all Europeans, are wounded.June 21
Stambouli Hadj Mahfoud, age 70, Iman of the Hanéfite Mosque, is cut down by an FLN killer in Blida.
June 23 Eight people including 4 Europeans are killed during six terrorist attacks in Algiers. Seventeen others are wounded.
June 24 The bodies of three teenagers kidnapped while riding their bicycles are discovered in a pit near the village of Ain Beida.
June 24 Marcel Meniaux, a water and forestry agent is killed.
June 25 An FLN tract authored by Ben M'Hidi and Abane Rhamdane declares that, “All executions of combatants will be followed by reprisals. For each FLN soldier guillotined, a hundred Frenchmen will be cut down.”June 25Jean Claude Rovida is killed in Algiers by a terrorist.
June 26 Three people are killed and 4 are wounded in Ain Temouchent.
June 26 Farmer Lucien Poggy is murdered near Sedrata. Poggy’s throat is slit. A Moslem worker standing nearby is killed by a rifle shot.June 27
André Stil, Editor in Chief of L'Humanité, is charged with threatening the security of the state for publishing a communiqué from the Algerian Communist Party glorifying the actions Henri Maillot who delivered a truckload of arms to the rebels.
June 30 Ten French soldiers are killed when rebels ambush their bus and an escort vehicle on the road between Géryville and El Abiad. Twenty seven others are listed as missing.
July 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 381,000 men.
July 2 Three people are killed and 45 wounded when a grenade explodes on the terrace of the Casino Municipal de Constantine.
July 4 Raymond Hannou, a member of a Communist cell headed by Henri Maillot that gave military information to the rebels, is arrested in Algiers.
July 4 Five Communist militants; Albert Carasco, former assistant to the mayor, Gaston Poveda, Honoré Carrillo, former municipal councilor, Marcel Garcia, employee of the mayor, B. Cabrera and Séraphin Munez are banished from Orania.
July 4 Twenty seven French Moslems and a European Sergeant are captured by rebels in the Monts du Ksours, near Aïn Sefra.
July 4 The bodies of the Buhagier brothers, farmers near Medjana, are found with their throats cut.
July 4 The rural guard of Tadjemount and his wife are murdered.
July 8 Nine people are killed in rebel attacks on Boufarik.
July 9 Thirty Communist militants including Doctor Martini, a surgeon at the Orléansville Hospital, are put under house arrest in the Chélif region.
July 9 Terrorists cut the throats of Mr. Puget, a 90 year old retired farmer, and his caretaker during a late afternoon attack on the Puget Farm in the Corso Valley.
July 9 A native member of the rural guard is murdered in the oft harassed village of Saint Pierre - Saint Paul.
July 10 Communist Raymond Hannon and two Moslems are charged with threatening the security of the state.
July 11 Terrorists on scooters or in cars toss grenades and Molotov cocktails at several locations in the Algiers region including Belcourt, El Biar, and Ruisseau and behind the Opéra.
July 11 A bomb explodes in a Turkish bath in the Algiers Casbah.
July 11 A Michelet gendarme is murdered in broad daylight.
July 11 An SAS officer is murdered near Palestro.
July 11 Several Algerian student associations break their ties to the French National Students Union.
July 13 Seven Moslems are killed when rebels attack two buses, one in the Affreville region and the other in the Sidi Aissa sector.
July 13 The decapitated body of a Frenchman named Antonin is found in the Sahara.
July 15 Nineteen people are killed and 27 wounded when a bomb explodes at El Arrouka in the Constantine.
July 15 Postal Inspector Louis Raynal and Editor Faure Brac are kidnapped near Laghouat and murdered by the rebels.
July 17 The offices of the Marti stone quarry at Keddara are burnt. Elsewhere in the region; the Serra farm whose owners were murdered on March 31st, is burnt and 4,300 feet of vines are uprooted at the Ughetto Farm near Maréchal Foch.
July 18 Djilelli lighthouse keeper, Louis Rosa, is murdered by rebels who cut his throat.
July 18 Nineteen soldiers are ambushed and savagely mutilated at the douar of Sidi Galem near Terafoui.
July 19 FLN gunmen, acting on orders from Boudhries, machine gun civilians in Bab el Oued. One person is killed. Three are wounded. The gang is tracked down by the residents and two of its members are eventually arrested.
July 19 Gilbert Perello is murdered on his farm near Arba.
July 20 The first oil and gas gushes from an exploratory well drilled at Hassi Messaoud.
July 20 Joseph Interaglia is murdered and his wife is gravely wound in an attack on their home near Dellys.
July 21 French diplomats meet secretly with representatives of the FLN in Belgrade.
July 21 Rebels attack farms in the Corso Valley. Seven tobacco sheds are burnt, 2 hectares of vines uprooted, 130 orange trees cut down and 10 hectares of tobacco destroyed at the Lamy Farm. Haystacks and sheds are burnt and several hectares of vines uprooted at the Ettighofier Farm.
July 21 Alexandre “Silassen” Boualam, brother of the Bachagha, is murdered by the rebels in the Ouarsenis.July 23
Terrorist attacks claim 17 victims including: Mr. Record, station chief of Palestro, who is seriously injured when a bomb explodes; Agha Dahmoune of Dra El Mizan murdered in Algiers; Jean Patrocinto, owner of the Michelet – Algiers bus line killed in Michelet; Stonemason Roman Esteban killed at Fort National; a workman named Lopez mortally wounded at Guettar El Aich and a Djemaa president whose throat is slit.July 23
The Grosrenaud and Femenia farms in the Boudouaou Valley near Maréchal Foch are burnt.
July 26 Three people are killed and six including four children are wounded in an ambush near Philippeville.
July 27 A natural gas explosion in Well No.1 at Hassi Messaoud leaves several workers severely burned. One of the injured dies several days later.
July 30 Rebels attack a farm near Orléansville. One Frenchman is killed; two others are wounded along with a French Moslem.
July 31 139,000 reinforcements arrive in Algeria. French military forces in the country now number 399,000,
August 1 Jean Ribas, a retiree, is killed by a revolver shot at Bougie.
August 5 Rebels attack the Algiers – Miliana bus on the road between Bourkika and Boumedfa. Two European civilians and a military doctor are killed.August 5
Rebels slit the throat of Joseph Sanchez, a 55 year old father of 4, near Ain El Arba.
August 6 Eight farmers including two Europeans, the Di Costa brothers, are arrested at Philippeville while transporting livestock and clothing to the rebels.
August 6 Barkeeper Henri Touitou is killed at Biskra.
August 8 Caid Saidni, a well known Francophile, is killed at Batna.
August 8 Gendarme Soler and a soldier are killed in an ambush near Batna.
August 10 The ORAF, a European counter-terrorist organization, plants a bomb outside the entrance to the Turkish bath at 9 Rue de Thèbes in the Algiers Casbah. The ensuing explosion brings down the building and 5 adjacent dwellings killing 15 people and wounding 32 others.
August 16 A bus is burnt at El Benia near Algiers. Twelve Moslem passengers are kidnapped.
August 16 Tobacconist Fernand Aiche is killed by a terrorist.
August 17 President René Coty speaking at Verdun declares, “France will not abandon the loyal population of Algeria to a minority of cutthroats.”August 19Terrorists kill a 60 year old Frenchman and wound three Moslems in Bône.
August 20 The leaders of the FLN in Algeria gather at Ighbal near Akbou for the Congress of Soummam which will set the agenda for the future organization and course of action to be under taken by the FLN.
August 20 Algiers salesmen José and Lucien Mendez are killed by the rebels at the village of Takrietz near Bougie.
August 20 Rebels slit the throat of Sheik Ounissi of the Zaouia Ben Tibar at douar Gassem in Ain M’lila. August 23
Robert Lacoste increases the royalty on alfalfa from 15 centimes to 1 000 francs per ton.
August 24 Antoine Di Rosa is killed while delivering ice in the lower Casbah of Algiers.
August 24 Gendarme Georges Koeger is murdered with a revolver in Oran.
August 26 Sergeant Favrelière of the 8th Régiment Parachutiste Coloniale helps an FLN prisoner to escape and then deserts his post. The Sergeant will be sentenced to death in absentia in March 1958.
August 27 Two employees of Electricité et Gaz d'Algérie are killed by outlaws while working in the Ziama - Mansouriah district near Djidjelli.
August 28 Four French motorists are kidnapped while driving near Tlemcen.
August 28 The body of R. P. Tabart, a priest in the White Fathers of Africa order, is found with by a patrol near Géryville. Father Tabart’s throat was cut.August 30
Six members of an Algerian terrorist network; Jean Rousset, Raymond Masure and 4 Moslems are arrested in Paris.
September 4 Communist deserter, Lieutenant Lucien Guerrab, leader of a rebel maquis, is arrested in Orania.
September 5 Colonel Bigeard is wounded in an attack at Bône. He manages to drive off his three assailants despite the 2 bullets they have put in him.
September 5 Youssef Zighout, the commander of Wilaya 2 is killed in combat while returning from the Congress of Soummam.
September 6 Marcel Nocella, proprietor of the Café de la Méditerranée in Algiers, is wound by two shots from a revolver.
September 7 Three of the four soldiers riding in a truck are missing after their vehicle hits a mine near Sakamody.
September 8 Mr. Oultras, assistant to the Mayor of Novi, is killed.
September 10 The Congress of Soummam adjourns after three weeks.
The primacy of the interior under Ramdane Abane over the exterior directors of FLN is established.
An all powerful Committee of Coordination and Execution is established in Algiers to replace the CRUA. The CCE is composed of Abane, Belkacem Krim, Larbi Ben M’hidi, Youssef Ben Kheddan and Saad Dahlab. The National Council of the Algerian Revolution (CNRA) is established. It is to be composed of 34 members elected from all regions of the country and meet at regular intervals.
The six wilayas (military districts) are subdivided into zones, regions and sectors and brought under tight control of the CCE.
The ranks and organizational structure of the Army of National Liberation are formalized. Colonel is the established as the highest rank in the ALN in a deliberate move to thwart the development of personality cults by generals.
The Congress decrees that no ceasefire shall be accepted until there is recognition of Algerian independence. Furthermore negotiation shall only be concluded with the acceptance of Algeria’s existing territorial boundaries including the Sahara and there shall be no acceptance of dual citizenship privileges for the Europeans. September 12
Hervé Rubio and two Moslems are murdered at Arba.
September 14 Thirty members of a clandestine paramilitary including 15 Frenchmen, among them the head doctor of the Orléansville Hospital , are arrested.
September 15 The Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionage (SDECE), contacts the counter-terrorists of Algiers in an effort to co-opt them and steer them towards specific objectives.
September 15 Seven people are wounded when a bomb explodes in an Algiers cinéma.
September 15 Five passengers are kidnapped from a bus by outlaws in the Southern Oranais.
September 15 A Frenchman is killed and another one is wounded in the Colomb Bechar region.
September 15 Rebels slit the throat of Mr. Huguey, assistant to the Mayor of Perrégaux.
September 15 Café proprietor Mr. Dirosa is murdered in Algiers.
September 15 Two Europeans including a municipal guard are killed and two others are wounded in Algiers.
September 17 Three people including two Frenchmen are killed at Tizi Ouzou.
September 17 One soldier is killed and 8 are wounded when a bomb explodes on a military truck.
September 17 Eighteen people are injured by grenades thrown into cafés at Colomb Bechar.
September 17 An explosion on the Oujda – Oran train kills one passenger and injures another.September 17
Partisans of the FLN trade shots with MNA supporters in a Paris café. Two people are killed and five are wounded.
September 18 Two new arrests follow the denunciation of a Communist plot in Orléansville by captured deserter Lucien Guerrab. Postal Inspector Antoine Raynaud is one of those arrested.
September 18 Foreman Albert Rozet is killed by a terrorist at Arba.
September 22 Talks between representatives of France and the FLN end in Rome.
September 22 An arms cache is found in the home of Communist Antoine Raynaud.
September 22 Three Communist militants are arrested in Sidi Bel Abbes.
September 22 Postal Inspector Ruiz is implicated in the Communist plot and flees.
September 22 Two people are killed and 7 wounded during an exchange of shots by rival Moslem groups in a Paris café.
September 22 Ten people are killed and 14 farms burnt in Orania.
September 22 Four soldiers are killed and one is wounded in a grenade attack at Mascara.
September 22 Police detective Rineau is killed at Blida.
September 22 A territorial guard, Mr. Grozart, is cut down in Kouba.
September 24 Twenty spectators are injured when a grenade is tossed into a cinéma at Saint Arnaud in the Constantine Department.
September 24 Three people are killed and 5 wounded in terrorist attacks in Algiers.
September 26 Three more people arrested in the Orléansville Communist Plot.
September 26 Stonemason Emile Segond, age 61, is killed in Blida.
September 28 Two Communists including the son of a General Councilor are arrested in Oran for collusion with the rebels.
September 29 A European is killed by a shot to the head at Miliana.
September 30 Zohra Drif, Samia Lakdahri and Djamila Bouhired, plant FLN bombs at La Cafétéria, the Milk Bar and the Air France terminal in Algiers. The bombs at La Cafétéria and the Milk Bar explode killing 11 people and seriously injuring 105 others, 12 of whom require amputations. The Air France bomb fails to detonate.
September 30 Eight people are injured when a bomb explodes in Tlemcen.
September 30 Jean Claude Anglade is killed by a terrorist at Fort De L'Eau.
September 30 Etienne Munoz is killed at Miliana by FLN terrorists.
October 1 Andrés Azoulay, a grain trader, is killed in Orléansville.
October 1 Joseph Hiennebisque is killed in Algiers.
October 1 Moslem students obey the FLN strike call.
October 2 Three Frenchmen; Jean Roig and the Di Cantanzo brothers, are convicted of aiding the rebels by a court in Philippeville.
October 2 Two Algiers police officers are gravely wounded by terrorists.
October 2 Nine Moslems are killed when a bomb explodes on the Algiers – Arba – Tablat bus.October 2
A soldier is killed and five are missing in Orania.
October 5 An FLN commando unit hijacks a taxi in the center of Bône and fires a machinegun at passers by killing 4 and wounding 24.
October 5 Thirty eight soldiers of the 1st and 110th Infantry Regiments are killed in an ambush near Aflou.
October 6 A car carrying General Massu along the highway between Beau Fraisier and El Biar is fired on by members of Les Combattants de la Libération, a Communist terror cell composed of both Europeans and Moslems. The shots fall wide of their mark.
October 8 Nine Moslem workers are cut down by terrorists in the Constantine Department.
October 9 The French Secret Service establishes Force “K”, a 400 man commando unit led by Belhadj Djillali aka Kobus, an ex-soldier trained at the Cherchel School. Kobus is a pro-independence Marxist opposed to the FLN.October 9
Mr. Vinette, a water and forestry agent is kidnapped at Tagat El Nador.
October 10 An FLN safe house in the Algiers suburb of El Biar is destroyed in an explosion set off by bomb maker Kaouche Rachid’s mishandling of explosives.October 10
Three Moslems are killed and one is wounded during a rebel attack on the village of Lavoisier.
October 11 Twenty two people are injured by a grenade explosion in Oran.
October 13 A young woman is killed and six other people are wounded when terrorists machinegun an Algiers café from a passing car.
October 13 Six people are injured when the Bougie – Algiers train hits a mine.October 14
One person is killed and 21 others are wounded in grenade attacks at Mostaganem and Colomb Bechar.
October 15 An explosives laboratory is discovered in Birkadem. Seven people including an Italian, Georgio Arbib and two Frenchmen, Daniel Timsit, an intern at the civilian hospital in Mustapha, and Georges Smadja, a medical student, are arrested.
October 15 The Algiers – Bougie train is machine-gunned. Three soldiers are wounded.October 17
The Athos, a Sudanese flagged, Greek captained, freighter, is seized by the French Navy while transporting a cargo of arms and ammunition for the FLN from Egypt to Morocco.
October 17 Farmworker Diego Flores and his three sons are killed at Eugene-Etienne in Orania.
October 19 Three students, Jean-Claude Reynaud, son of the Inspector of Posts and Telephones, Nicola Isnard and Paulette Bacri, implicated in the Algerian Communist plot, are arrested in Algiers.
October 19 Mme. Annie Foriot, wife of an architect, and Mr. Neplez, a schoolteacher, implicated in the terrorist plot organized by Dr. Daniel Timsit, are arrested in Algiers.
October 19 A retired postal worker, Charles Choukroune, is killed and two others are wounded in terrorist attacks in Algiers.
October 19 An SAS officer is killed in a workshop near Tigzirt. Three other Frenchmen are wounded.
October 19 Roger Ode, Vice President of the Morris Wine Cooperative, is killed by shots from a terrorist’s revolver.October 19
A bomb explodes in a café at Blida wounding 7 patrons.
October 19 Caid Bendjamed Abdelkader is kidnapped by the terrorists.
October 19 One of two nuns kidnapped in the Ighilali region, Sister Marie, is murdered. Sister Dorthee is found dead.
October 19 Henri Cazeaux, municipal councilor for Tizi Ouzou, is murdered.
October 19 Le Gaumont Palace in Paris and La Salle Pierre Bordes in Algiers organize a gala soirée to benefit the troops called up for service in Algeria.
October 22 The French pilot of an Air Maroc DC-3 carrying the FLN Cairo Chiefs of Staff on a flight from Rabat to Tunis lands at Algiers where Ahmed Ben Bella, Mohamed Boudiaf, Mohamed Khider, Lachref and Hocine Aït Ahmed are arrested.
October 22 Father Hubert Buchez, a Swiss member of the White Fathers of Africa order, is killed at Azazga.
October 24 Ernest Soler is killed by a terrorist in Oran.
October 24 Ange Quiri is murdered by an outlaw in Algiers.
October 27 Fifteen farms are attack or burnt in the Southern Oranais region.
October 27 Music professor, Pierre-André Poncelet, is gravely wounded in Algiers.
October 29 Premier Guy Mollet calls for a ceasefire in Algeria and proposes introduction of a single electoral college, free elections and recognition of Algeria's, "individual character".
October 29 Two French children ages 11 years and 7 months, are killed in an attack in Orania
October 31 Roger Serano is killed at Perrégaux.
October 31 Benieto Faes, a baker, is cut down in Orléansville.
November 5 Twenty two people are wounded when a grenade is thrown into a crowd in Constantine.
November 5 Albert Tessier, the manager of a grain growers’ cooperative, is killed at Oued Fodda.November 5
Manuel Quidi, a retired road worker, is killed at Chebli.
November 6 Georges Galindri, comptroller for the postal administration, is place under surveillance for his clandestine Communist activities.
November 6 Mr. Vargag, a Perrégaux farmer, is killed; his wife wounded and his son kidnapped by the terrorists.
November 6 Terrorists slit the throats of Mr. Garila and his son at Saint Denis DuSig.
November 6 Shopkeeper Lazaro Ferrandis is killed in Algiers.
November 10 Nine people including 7 soldiers are wounded in a grenade attack at Batna.
November 10 Lucien Tur, age 13, is killed by the rebels at Saint Pierre - Saint Paul.
November 12 Three bombs planted by the FLN and the Communists explode in the railway station at Hussein Dey, a Monoprix store in Maison Carrée and in an Algiers trolley car. Thirty six people are wounded including 11 women and ten children.
November 12 Twelve soldiers and two civilians including Father Joseph Pfister, Curé of Rabelais and Saint Pierre - Saint Paul, are killed in an ambush between El Marsa and Le Guelt in the Ténes region.
November 12 A bomb explodes in the Oujda – Oran train injuring 8 people.November 12
A woman is killed and 10 other people are wounded in grenade attacks on cafés in Mascara and Bougie.
November 12 Seven bus passengers, six soldiers and one civilian, are killed between Dublineau and Perrégaux.
November 12 Nine Moslems are killed by the FLN at Laperrine and El Marsa.
November 12 Seven Europeans are wound by a grenade at Zemour.
November 12 Tobacco sheds are burnt at Almeur El Aïn and two farms are attacked at Saint Pierre - Saint Paul.
November 13 FLN grenade attacks on buses and department stores in Algiers injure 58 people.
November 14 Fernand Yveton, a militant Communist and friend of deserter Henri Maillot, is arrested while planting a bomb in his workplace, the Ruisseau gasworks in Algiers. The bomb is disarmed before it explodes. His daughter Acera is arrested as an accomplice.
November 14 A bus and a truck are attack near Mascara. Three people are killed; the bus driver, Mr. Mendez, the conductor, Mr. Karroubi and an unidentified Moslem traveler.
November 14 Joseph Requera is shot in the back and killed by a terrorist in Sali.
November 15 Doctor Nakache is murdered by a terrorist as he leaves his home in Vallee to treat a sick Moslem patient.
November 16 Félix Collozi, a fireman, and Boualem Makloul, an employee of Electricité et Gaz d’Algérie are denounced by Yveton and arrested in Algiers.November 16
Bernard Mazella is killed by a revolver shot to the neck in Bône.
November 16 Edouard Bottaro is killed behind the steeringwheel of his car in Algiers.
November 16 Mr. Salvignol, a 61 year old farmworker and his 58 year old sister are murdered in Aumale.
November 16 Norbert Signers, age 17, is kidnapped at Blida. His throat is slit and his body buried nearby.
November 17 Three people are killed and six are wounded in a grenade attack on the Café du Progrés, Place du Gouvernement, Algiers.
November 17 Five people are murdered in Algiers including, two 15 year old Moslems who are shot in the back, a 21 year old soldier, Robert Legart, and Police Brigade Chief Malessaque who was shot twice in the head.
November 17 Ait Saada, an employee of the soil conservation service, is murdered in Tenes.
November 18 A Communist terror network is broken up in Oran. Thirty seven people including several Frenchmen and five women are arrested. Another 120 Communists are arrested elsewhere in Algeria most notably several doctors including the head of Social Welfare Services for Electricité et Gaz d’Algérie, Doctor Liddi. Five Communists militants, all women, are expelled from Algeria.November 18
Two people are wounded when a bomb explodes in the Café de la Poste at Maison Carrée.
November 18 Five French motorists are killed and several more are missing after attacks near Tiaret.
November 18 Four soldiers of the 131st Infantry Regiment and two civilian officials are attacked and killed near Teniet El Haad.
November 18 A tenant farmer named Chambord , his two children and their governess are reported missing in the Champlain region.
November 18 Henri Branzuela is shot in the head and killed in Algiers.
November 18 Anne-Marie Cholet, a student at the Algiers Normal School, who served as an intermediary to the FLN is arrested in Algiers.
November 21 Communists Elie Angonin, Ali Khodja and Henriette Placelle are place under surveillance in Algiers.
November 21 Gabriel Pelo, municipal councilor for Haussonvillers, is killed along the highway from Bordj Menaiel to Cape Djinet.
November 22 Two Berber villages are attacked by the rebels. Eighteen French Moslems are kidnapped.
November 22 Auxiliary police detective Ghezal Abdelkader is killed in Cherchel.
November 23 Three motorists including the head of the district water and forestry service are murdered by the rebels in the Bordj Bou Arreridj region.
November 23 Farmworker Armand Bloch is killed at Ain Boucif.
November 23 Communist Dieudonné Iriu, an employee of the Hospital of Beni Messous, near Algiers, steals medicines for the rebels.
November 24 Twelve people are killed including four civilians in an ambush at Berrouaghia.
November 24 Police Brigadier Fernand Breton is killed.
November 24 Farmworker Albert Blanc is murdered at Rouhach
November 25 Communist Fernand Yveton, who planted a bomb at the Algiers gasworks, is sentenced to death.
November 25 Four people are injured when a bomb explodes in Ain Temouchent near Oran.
November 25 Rebels kidnap and slit the throats of a farmworker, a mechanic and the son of Adjutant of Fontaine near Trezel.
November 25 André Maillette, age 72, is murdered in Cherchel.
November 25 Edmond Dudouet, a town employee, is killed in Tizi Ouzou.
November 28 René Justrabo, former Communist Deputy in the Algerian Assembly and the wife of fugitive UGTA trade union general secretary Ruiz are interned.
November 28 Seven members of the Algerian Communist Party and 3 Moslems are arrested in Oran.
November 28 Three people are killed and 24 wounded in an attack of the Oran – Colomb Bechar at Bou Aich.November 28
Ten people are wounded when four bombs explode in Algiers. Roland Seror, a city employee, is killed.
November 29 Three people, a lawyer and two policemen, are killed when terrorists machine-gun a crowd in Affreville.
November 29 An arms shipment originating in Tunisia and destined for the rebels is intercepted near Tebessa.
November 30 Twenty three people are killed and 15 are wounded when two bombs explode at Nedromah near Nemours.
November 30 Terrorist slit the throat of a youth, Paul Bonthoux, before the eyes of his father who is grievously wounded in Bayard.
December 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 325,000 men.
December 1 Alain Mimoun wins the Marathon at the Melbourne Olympics. It is the first time the 35 year old has run the marathon.
December 1 Three people are killed when a bomb explodes in Bou Hanifa.
December 1 Raymond Gonalous and Salomon Gorian are killed in Algiers.
December 4 Industrialist Guy Ricci, cousin of General Councilor Paul Ricci, is killed by three shots from a terrorist’s revolver in Blida. Two mourners are killed in an attack on Ricci’s funeral service. The attacker, a Moslem, is cut down.December 5
The French Government dissolves the departmental General Councils and municipalities in Algeria.
December 7 Algiers police brigadier, Jean Massou, is killed. His wife and two children are wounded.
December 7 Joseph Palsona, inspector of bridges and dams is wounded in an attack at Novi. His attacker is cut down.
December 7 Farmer Marc Bertrand is murdered in Reghaia by his longtime Moslem butler.
December 7 Businessman Raymond Bordona is killed by a revolver shot in Sidi Bel Abbes.
December 7 Taxi driver Antoine Gomez is killed by terrorists in Molière.
December 7 Caid Lamouri is killed in Ain Bessem.
December 7 Forest Ranger James is killed at Tenes.
December 7 Captain Lapergue is killed in Sidi Okba.
December 11 Serge Barret takes office as Prefect of Algiers.
December 12 Highway worker Charles Thomas is killed in his shop at Azazga.
December 13 Four members of a Communist terror cell are arrested in Oran.
December 13 Judge Paul Morlier, a city employee and one other man are killed by the fellagha in Bône.
December 13 Albert Prosse, chauffeur to the Director of Posts, Telephone and Telegraph, is killed in Oran.
December 13 Rural Guard Hassini is killed at Darguinah in the Constantine.
December 14 General Raoul Salan replaces General Lorillot as commander of the 10th Military Region sparking anger in certain quarters of the European community. Salan calls for intensified night sorties executed with speed and mobility and for all units to take the offensive.
December 14 National Assembly Deputy Demarquet, serving as a Lieutenant in Algeria, is wounded in a battle in the southern Constantine.
December 14 Terrorist attacks in Algiers leave one person dead and three wounded.
December 15 Terrorists open fire on the patrons of a café near the Algiers Normal School. A graduate student, Yves Guido, is killed and two others are seriously wounded.
December 15 The body of Jean Antoine Peresi, brother of the Curé of Lambeze is found in the nearby mountains. His throat was cut.
December 15 Normal school student Jacques Added is killed in Constantine.
December 15 Surveyor Edmond Trumeaux is killed in Tizirenif.
December 16 Terrorists attack three Algiers cafés, the Lion d’Or, the Rendezvous des Amis and the Cité des Eucalyptus. One person is killed and another is wounded.December 16
Terrorists attack the police station in the Saint Eugene district of Algiers. Three people including a brigadier and a detective are killed and four are wounded.
December 16 One person is killed and 2 are wounded when three students from the normal school open fire with a machinegun in a Bouzaréah bar.
December 16 Two gendarmes are killed and three are wounded in an attack outside Notre Dame d’Afrique Church in the Bal El Oued district of Algiers.December 16
A young woman and a 6 year old child are killed and 30 people are wounded by a grenade thrown into the hall of a Boufarik cinéma. The terrorist is lynched by the crowd.
December 16 Eight Moslem women and several children are burned to death by the rebels in the douar of Medrina south of Tiaret.
December 16 The Keddara barite mine in the Boudouaou Valley is abandoned after numerous attacks.
December 16 Pascal Santacreu is murdered and André Delacruz is wounded in a terrorist attack in the Clos Salembier, Algiers.
December 16 Two people are killed and 2 are wounded in terrorist attacks at Blida.
December 16 Gendarme Arpia is killed in Tizi Ouzou.
December 17 Madame Hernandez, the wife of a railway worker, and her 19 year old daughter are murdered with an ax at Sidi Bel Abbes.
December 17 A Berber and his wife are hung by the rebels near Bouira.
December 18 The Mayor of Algiers, Jacques Louis Chevalier, is wounded by a terrorist.
December 18 Five soldiers and 3 civilians are wounded when two bombs explode in a Saint Lucien café.
December 18 Retired Colonel Raymond Roy is wounded in a terrorist attack at Boufarik but manages to cut down one of his attackers.
December 18 Fisherman Jean Rubio is killed behind the wheel of his car in Oran.
December 18 Cap Martin, a 70 year old retiree, is killed at Damiette.
December 19 Professor Mandouze, a self-described “progressive”, is released from Santé Prison in Paris.December 19
Maurice Bensaid, manager of the BATA shoe company and his saleswoman, Suzanne Pezet, are wounded by the same bullet fired by a terrorist in Algiers.
December 19 One person is killed and 3 wounded when terrorist open fire on a bus in Algiers.
December 21 Farmer Joseph Pique and his manager François Sultana are kidnapped by the fellagha at Millesimo in the Constantine.
December 22 Nicolas Mortier, age 39, a water meter reader, is killed by two bullets fired into his back in the Clos Salembier, Algiers.
December 22 Jean Canavera, age 22, is mortally wounded in Batna.
December 22 Mr. Benadira is killed at Belcourt.
December 23 A forest ranger and his wife are attacked near Keddara.
December 24 Nine people are killed in four grenade attacks in Constantine. Mr. Conrad the chief of staff at the Préfecture is gravely wounded.
December 24 Ten people, 4 railway workers and 6 soldiers, are killed when the train from Colomb Bechar derails during a terrorist attack in Oran.
December 24 Robert Blanche, a 40 year old surveyor, is killed at Batna by two bullets to the head.
December 24 Two men are killed and a third is seriously wounded in terrorist attacks at Blida.
December 24 An FLN bomb planted on a school bus claims several victims among the students.
December 25 Bachagha Ait Ali, President of the Algiers Departmental General Council, is seriously injured. His attacker is cut down.
December 25 Mr. Descamps, secretary to the Mayor of Texenna near Djidjelli, is wounded by a terrorist.
December 25 Norbert Hadj Adj and two sisters Raymonde and Sylvie Poncet, ages 22 and 6, are killed by terrorists in Bougie.
December 25 Brahim Touati, a prison guard, is seriously wounded. Adrien Burzo and Manuel Frere are killed in Oran.
December 25 Farmworker René Comard is murdered with an ax at Mascara.
December 25 Two people are killed and four are wounded by terrorists in Bône.
December 25 Police officer Lucien Lung is killed at Blida.
December 26 President René Coty pardons five terrorists facing death sentences.
December 26 Bachaga Aït Ali, who publicly declared his loyalty to France, is killed in an FLN attack.
December 27 Two water conservation and forestry agents are killed near Saida.
December 27 Blida jeweler Pascal Arvadian is grievously wounded in his store.
December 28 Amédée Froger, Mayor of Boufarik and President of the Association of Algerian Mayors, is killed as he leaves his home on the Rue Michelet. His assassin, FLN gunman Ali la Pointe, fires three shots at point blank range and escapes. Authorities blame the murder on members of a Communist terror cell Les Combattants de la Liberation.
December 28 Paul Teitgen, Secretary General of the Algiers prefecture and head of the police denounces a plot by General Faure to seize power from the civil authorities in Algeria. The General is placed under fortress arrest for 30 days.
December 28 Bombs planted by the Communists explode in four churches including the Cathedral of Algiers, Saint Vincent de Paul at Bab el Oued, Ste Marie de Mustapha and the Sacré Coeur.
December 28 Seven bombs explode in Bab El Oued and the Michelet quarter of Algiers injuring three passersby.
December 28 Three residents of Camp des Chênes near Blida are kidnapped and murdered.
December 28 A grenade explosion wounds several bowlers at Arba.
December 29 The Funeral of Amédée Froger becomes an occasion for violence. Four Moslems are killed and fifty are wounded along the route of the cortège which takes over 2 hours to cross Algiers. Two bombs planted by the FLN near the gravesite in Saint Eugène Cemetery explode before the long delayed procession reaches the burial ground. No one is injured.
December 30 Captain Mortague, Tocqueville Commandant of Arms, and Rene Riesen are killed in an ambulance at Sétif.
December 30 François Segura, father of eight children, is killed by the outlaws at Sidi Bel Abbes.
December 30 Mme. Rose Canglano, age 56, is wounded when a bomb explodes in her beauty salon in Algiers.
December 30 A trucker and two automobile drivers are abducted by terrorists on the highway from Médéa to Blida.
December 30 The manager of the Station Thermale and his wife are killed at Bou Hanifa.
December 30 Mr. Vies, a 35 year old Health Service employee, is killed at Tizi Ouzou.
December 30 Farmworker Albert Fernandez is killed at douar Amora near Mostaganem.
December 30 François Bulette dies from his wounds in Sidi Bel Abbes.
December 30 Mr. Guillot, a school teacher at Médéa, is grievously wounded.
1957 January 1 French forces in Algeria number 308,000 men.
January 1 Six grenades explode in Algiers. Elsewhere in the capital; Mr. Ferrier, age 46, is killed by a bullet to the neck and 30 year old Si Saber is wounded in the Casbah.
January 1 Grenades explode in 2 cafés at Mécheria Raymond Gonzalez, father of 5 children, is killed and 6 people including 4 soldiers, a civilian and 12 year old Ben Marould Ahmed are wounded.
January 1 A grenade explosion wounds 4 people in Sétif.
January 1 Three people are wounded in a grenade attack on the Café France in Blida.
January 1 François Costa is killed in Diar El Mahcoul.
January 1 Pierre Rodriguez and Michel Martinez are killed with an ax in Perrégaux.
January 1 Two members of the Unités Territorial are killed and 3 are wounded in Oran.
January 3 Fourteen people are wounded in grenade attacks at Saint Eugene and Maison Carrée.
January 3 Rebels attack the Oran – Relizane train and kill 6 travelers. Eleven Moslems and 2 Frenchwomen on board are kidnapped.January 3
An FLN bomb explodes on an Algiers trolley car killing a passenger and injuring 13 others.
January 4 The FLN launches a new slogan, “Who is not with us is against us.”January 6Abdelkader Guerroudj, head of the Algerian Communist Party in the Algiers region, is arrested.
January 6 Mohamed Bouchicha is killed when an Algiers barbershop is machine-gunned.
January 6 Captain Moreau, SAS commandant at Pirette near Dra El Mizan, is kidnapped and murdered.
January 6 Farmer Charles Delbos is killed along with employee Gaston Meunier on his property at Beni Saf.
January 7 The Prefect of Algiers confers police powers on General Massu, who calls on Captain Aussaresses to eradicate terrorism in Algiers.
January 7 Medical Aid Jacques Vannier is murdered while tending to patients in a village clinic at Arris.
January 8 Paratroopers raid homes in the Algiers Casbah at 3 a.m. and arrest 1,500 suspected terrorists.
January 8 Seven people are wounded in a grenade attack on a Boufarik café.
January 8 José-Marie Vaquero, head miner at the Mines du Zaccar in Miliana is killed.
January 8 Doctor Ettichoffer, Vice President of the Algerian Wine Growers Confederation and his manager are seriously wounded in an attack at Alma.
January 9 General Massu is appointed director of security services for metropolitan Algiers.
January 9 Two hundred ninety people are detained during a control operation in the Algiers Casbah.
January 9 A rebel band is attacked near Tizi Ouzou. Eighteen rebels are kill and 5 captured.
January 11 Franz Fanon, head doctor of the Blida psychiatric hospital at Joinville is deported from Algeria for his pro FLN sympathies.
January 11 Madame Naouri, a Communist militant, is expelled from Algiers.
January 11 Julien Rakouski and his 70 year old mother are murdered in Algiers.
January 13 Rural Guard Louis Allaoua is stabbed to death at Djidjelli.
January 13 Mr. Juan, a postal worker and father of 6, is killed in Ameur El Ain.
January 14 A bomb explodes in an office of Radio Algiers.
January 14 Seven people are wounded in a grenade attack at Constantine.
January 14 Gendarmry Adjutant Raymond Fucher is killed by 2 bullets in the back at Boghari.
January 15 Jacques Chevalier, Mayor of Algiers and former Secretary of State for Defense, intervenes and gains the release of several FLN members who were arrested in possession of arms. He also obtains the recall to metropolitan France of 13 commissioners who he considers too pro French Algeria.
January 15 Grand Rabbi Daniel Halimi is grievously wounded by Moslem terrorists in Guelma.
January 16 Philippe Castille, a member of ORAF, the European anti-terrorist organization, attempts to assassinate General Salan. The bazooka shell he fires strikes a room in Algiers staff headquarters moments after the General leaves killing Salan's aide de camp, Commandant Rodier. Castille is arrested a few days later and sentenced to 12 years in prison but escapes.
January 16 The fellaghas burn a church in Vauban.
January 17 The FLN calls for a general strike beginning January 28 and declares, “Moslem brothers, the partisans of the FLN will destroy and exterminate the Europeans including the children.” January 17
Bridge and road agent René Ostesseque is killed and pharmacy assistant Louis Chatraque is wounded at Birkadem.
January 18 A bomb explodes aboard the steamer Ville d'Oran off Algiers.
January 19 Five members of a Moslem family are killed in Kolea. Their throats are cut.
January 20 Monsieur Faussemaque, Prefect of Tiaret, escapes an ambush.
January 20 Jean-Pierre Galea, Corporal in Chief of the 2nd Bataillon de Chasseurs Alpins, is killed by several gunshots in front of his mother in Algiers.
January 20 Sixty three members of the FLN and MNA are arrested in metropolitan France.
January 21 Police Detective Chaieb Mohamed is killed in Orléansville.
January 22 Seven people are killed and 3 seriously injured when rebels attack the Algiers – Kolea bus 25 kilometers from Algiers.January 24
Seventeen year old G. Pommier is murdered with a pick ax by an outlaw in Chekfa.
January 25 Two farm managers are kidnapped by the rebels on the Perrégaux – Mostaganem Road.January 26
Danielle Minne, Fadilla and Djamila Bouazza of the FLN plant bombs at L'Otomatic, La Cafétéria and the Coq Hardi cafés in the center of Algiers. The devices explode at 5:30 p.m. killing five customers and wounding 39.
January 26 Two policemen are wounded in separate bombings in Bab el Oued.
January 26 Nine grenades are thrown in Algiers but only one person is wounded.
January 27 Daniel Timsit and Giorgio Arbib are arrested for making explosive devices for the Communist Party of Algeria.
January 28 The FLN launches an unlimited general strike. The Army raids the homes of striking public services workers and takes them to their jobs. They force merchants to open their businesses and open some stores by force. The Army arrests picketers at striking factories and puts them to work as street sweepers or dockers in the port.
January 28 Communists Danielle Minne, her mother and Madame Netter who planted a bomb at in a gasworks are arrested.
January 29 One hundred seventy fellaghas are killed on the borders.
February 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 396,000 men.
February 3 The Nedroma village church is destroyed by a terrorist bomb. Ten people are killed and 4 wounded in the explosion.
February 5 Henri Alleg, publisher of the Republicain d’Alger, the Communist Party of Algeria’s newspaper, is arrested for conspiring with the FLN. February 5
The Moslem murderer of Mlle. Amou Olcina is arrested in Algiers.
February 10 Eight people are killed and hundreds wounded when a bomb planted by 16 year old FLN member Baya Hocine explodes beneath the stands at the El Biar stadium.
February 10 Two people are killed and 15 injured when a bomb planted by 17 year old high school student Djouher Akhor explodes in the Algiers municipal stadium during a football match.
February 11 Three people are killed in a grenade attack on the Bar Joinville in Algiers.
February 12 A member of the Algerian Communist Party, who planted a bomb at the Algiers gasworks, is guillotined at Barberousse Prison, Algiers.
February 15 Colonel Bigeard’s men seize 25 FLN bombs and arrest several, “chemists”.February 15
Icham Kouider, holder of the Médaille Militaire and Croix de Guerre with six citations is murdered by the fellaghas in Mostaganem.
February 15 A grenade explodes inside the Bar Jean in Algiers killing the 7 year old son of the proprietor.
February 16 French troops seize twenty six 1 kilogram bombs in the Algiers Casbah.
February 16 Tagdempt farmer M. L. Boyer is arrested for sabotaging a train.
February 16 Thirteen year old Claudette Ruiz dies of wounds sustained in an attack on the Jules Ferry School in Tlemcen.
February 17 Larbi Ben M’Hidi, head of the Algiers Autonomous Zone, is arrested by the paratroopers.February 17
Nine more bombs and bomb making laboratory are uncovered by the French military.
February 18 Twenty bombs including a 25 kilogram device are discovered by the French authorities.
February 18 Mr. and Mrs. Gautheron are arrested in Algiers for aiding the rebels.
February 19 Two truck drivers, Maurice Mirailles and Jean Montessino, are killed by the rebels at Djelfa on the road to Laghouat. Their throats are cut.
February 19 Seven more bombs are discovered in Algiers. The number of bombs seized since January 28th tops 90.
February 19 Farmer Jean Pavet, father of 5 children, is murdered in Bône.
February 22 Yussef Ben Khedda, Belkacem Krim, Ramdane Abane and Saad Dahlab, the 4 directors of the FLN’s Committee for Coordination and Execution leave Algiers for Blida in a car driven by a European, the wife of an Algiers doctor, who is arrested several days later. Abane and Dahlab eventually reach Morocco. Krim and Ben Khedda flee to Tunisia.February 23
Policeman Jacques Farou is killed by a terrorist in Sétif.
February 23 Farmer Georges Grengt is killed at Teniet El Haad.
February 28 Twenty three soldiers of the 22nd Infantry Regiment are 23 killed and 14 wounded in an ambush near Dupleix. Most of the arms used by the FLN were stolen by Communist Henri Maillot.
March 3 Fifty rebels are killed during a fierce battle in the djebel Amour near Aflou.
March 4 Larbi Ben M’Hidi, leader of the FLN’s Algiers Autonomous Zone, is found hanged in his prison cell.March 4
Seven rebels are killed near Fort National in the Grande Kabylie.
March 8 Agricultural Engineer Paul Lefevre, son of the President of the Algiers Bar Association, and his wife are murdered on the Solier Farm near Tenes.
March 10 General de Gaulle arrives in Colomb Bechar for a private tour of the Sahara. He tells Robert Lacoste and Raoul Salan that, “The Algerian problem will not be resolved without de Gaulle.”March 11Henri Lis, General Secretary of the Loverdo town hall, is killed.
March 12 General de Gaulle visits the Kenadsa coal mine where bachaga Sheik Ben Abdallah tells him, “You represent our hope as in 1940.”March 12General de Gaulle visits the monument erected at the site of General Leclerc’s fatal 1947 airplane crash near Colomb Bechar.March 13
Rebels attack the Grive Farm at Pointe Rouge. They cut the throats and mutilate the bodies of Madame Grive, age 76, and her two sons.
March 14 General de Gaulle visits the Fort Gouraud iron ore mines where he declares, “The Sahara is the luck of France and perhaps of the world.”March 15Supporters of Pierre Mendes France introduce legislation in the Chamber of Deputies calling for the partition of Algeria.
March 17 General de Gaulle visits Hassi Messaoud where he tells oilmen, “petroleum wealth will change the material and moral state of France.”March 18The MNA maquis commanded by Bellounis, under attack from both the FLN and the French Army, is forced to conclude an agreement with the French.
March 18 The Curé of Saint Aime near Ammi Moussa is mortally wounded by bullets and buckshot.
March 19 The barbed wire fence along the Moroccan border is mined and electrified.
March 20 General Salan established the EMSI, Équipes Médico-Sociales Itinérantes, who travel the countryside providing assistance to disadvantaged women and children.
March 21 In Cannes, four recently discharged draftees form l'Amicale des Anciens Combattants d'AFN (Association of French North African War Veterans). The prefecture objects to the use of the word, “Combattants” in as much as the Government does not consider the situation in Algeria a war. The organization is refused registration under its proposed name. It becomes l'Amicale des Anciens Militaires en AFN (Association of Former Soldiers in French North Africa.March 22
Justice Minister François Mitterrand writes Premier Mollet to inform him on the summary arrests, tortures and executions which are occurring in Algeria.
March 25 Madame Massu, wife of General Massu, presides at the opening of a youth center in the former offices of the Communist Party newspaper Alger Républicain on Rue Koechlin in Bab el Oued. The center is intended to provide shelter and vocational training for disadvantaged Moslems.
March 25 Roger Guyonnet, a student at the Moissons Nouvelles School is cut down by a patrol.
March 25 Bicycle racer Belaouari is killed by the terrorists.
March 26 Anna Vacheron and Monique Hanoun, instructor at the Lycée Lazerges, are taken into custody for harboring the recently arrested Communist militant Doctor Janine Balkodja in Algiers.
March 26 Mr. Jullie, President of the Délégation Spéciale of Benian, is murdered in Mascara.
March 28 Grand Rabbi Jacob Choukroun dies of wounds sustained in an attack at Médéa.
March 29 Paul Teitgen, Secretary General of the Algiers prefecture, submits his resignation as a protest against the methods employed by the Army. Robert Lacoste refuses to accept it.
March 29 Algiers baker Jean Baptiste Roma, age 59, is murdered by the terrorists.
March 31 The 10th Military Region announces that since January 20th a total of 1,827 members of the Algiers terrorist network and confiscated 812 weapons, 88 bombs, 200 kg of explosive and 166 hand grenades. Two soldiers have been killed and 5 wounded.
April 2 Five French farmers are killed in attacks on 20 farms in Orania.
April 4 A shipment of arms and munitions are seized from the German freighter Lindenfeld in the port of Mostaganem.
April 6 Three people are killed, 3 wounded and 1 disappears in an ambush near Mascara.
April 7 Fifteen people are wounded in a grenade attack at the ASB Trésor Stadium in Oran.
April 8 Sheik Larbi Tebessi, leader of the Oulemas, is kidnapped by the rebels.
April 9 Djamila Bouhired, who has just been stopped by a patrol, is wounded by Yacef Saadi who opens fire on the soldiers and their prisoner. Bouhired who planted the Brasserie l'Automatic bomb is carrying numerous documents and her interrogation permits the recovery of a cache of bombs and weapons.
April 9 Rebels slit the throats of 4 French Moslems and 3 women in Tlemcen.
April 12 Thirty Communists are arrested in Algiers for colluding with the rebels.
April 12 Antoine Giogetti, proprietor of l'Auberge du Ruisseau des Singes is arrested for trafficking in arms and charged with treason.
April 12 Three people are killed and 25 wounded by a grenade explosion in an Ain Temouchent cinéma. The victims are all Moslems.
April 13 Twenty two Communists including the daughters of a Bône school superintendent and postal inspector are arrested.
April 14 Doctor Brechet, a Bougie surgeon renowned as a devoted friend of the local Moslems, is murdered by an FLN assassin who fires two shots into his head.
April 14 The Faviers, an elderly couple in their 70s, are murdered by the rebels during an attack on the Saint Jacques Farm near Sidi Mimoun.
April 14 Sixty seven year old Jean Baptiste Mas is killed in a grenade attack at Arba.
April 15 Six soldiers and 4 Moslem firemen are kidnapped during an attack on a firehouse at Sétif.
April 17 Two paratroopers are killed near their quarters on the Rue Polignac, Algiers. Forty of their comrades raid a Turkish bath where the authors of the attack are believed to have taken refuge. The paras open fire on the bathers killing 20 Moslems and wound several more.
April 17 Master Corporal Christian Lataste is shot in the back and killed in an attack at Bône.
April 17 Farm workers Guillaume Mercadal and Jean Segura are killed in Miliana.
April 17 Farm worker Albert Roumad is murdered in Tlemcen.
April 18 Several people are injured when the Oujda – Oran train hits a mine.April 18
A passenger is killed in an attack on a bus in Algiers.
April 19 Auguste Pascaud and his wife Gabrielle are arrested in Algiers for harboring a fugitive Moslem Communist leader.
April 19 Driver Jean Dona is killed and 4 other people are wounded when a bomb explodes on an Oran trolley car.
April 23 Nine Moslem members of the Délégation Spéciale are kidnapped and murdered by the rebels at Bordj Sabath near Bône.
April 23 Zarah Bouharoua and her 18 month old baby are burned alive by the terrorists at Heliopolis near Guelma.
April 23 Farm workers Benoit Lalande and Emile Prost are arrested in Oran for providing assistance to the fellaghas.
April 23 Farmer Henri Aubertier, age 80, is murdered at Cape Aokas.
April 28 Perrégaux cabdriver, Mr. Ginez, is killed in his garden.
April 28 Oran salesman Gaston Gouini is killed.
April 29 Rebels attack the police station in Kroubs. Constable Aimé Warisse is killed and four others are wounded.
April 30 The Public Prosecutor of Algiers writes the Office of Public Justice complaining that he has not received the complete reports of interrogations of arrestees, that they have been held for too long a time and that the questioning has been illegally conducted in places controlled by the military. The Prosecutor concludes his protest by declaring, "These mistakes are incompatible with the principles which direct the action of the Criminal Investigation Department."
April 31 Robert Cassais, a workman for the Department of Bridges and Roads, is killed in Bône in front of his 6 year old daughter.
May 2 A woman is killed and 60 people are wounded in an FLN grenade attack on the Négrier Market in Constantine.
May 2 Forty two rebels are killed in a military operation near Gallieni.
May 3 Lyon firemen extinguish an arson fire at hostel for North African workers after an hour long battle.
May 4 Secretary of State, Eugène Thomas, declares, “In France, there are too many sensitive hearts that cry out in horror when blood is shed ...as long as it is not French blood.”May 5The French Army agrees to furnish Bellounis, the leader of a 1,000 man MNA maquis with a stronghold in the Aumale region, with food and material in exchange for information on the FLN and an agreement to refrain from attacks on French forces. Bellounis’ force will be renamed ANPA and reach an effective strength of 1,500 men but his exactions, levies on the Europeans, murder and conscription of Moslems etc. will eventually force the French to eliminate it.May 6
The French Army’s 5th Bureau, psychological warfare, develops a strategy to destabilize the FLN. Low ranking FLN militants are arrest and shown forged documents purporting to list FLN guerillas working for the French. Once released the prisoners hasten to denounce the traitors. Thousands of rebels are purged in the aftermath.May 7
Doctor Jouane, a highly respected figure in the community of Guelma, is murdered by an FLN terrorist.
May 7 Farm worker Pierre Orosco is murdered in Perrégaux.
May 8 A French air attack destroys the FLN radio transmitter at Saida, Morocco.
May 9 Two French schoolteachers, Iman Henni Si Med and his brother the Mufti are among the five victims of killings in Mazouna near Orléansville.
May 9 Public works contractor Armand Lecourege is murdered in Oued Fodda.
May 10 Territorial Militiaman Christian Delore is cut down by three bullets in the back at Oran.
May 10 Post Office comptroller Alexis Skinadje is killed in Mascara.
May 11 The FLN formally prohibits Moslems from smoking; going to cinémas, cafes and schools, from celebrating Moslem religious holidays; paying taxes to the administration; keeping dogs; wearing European clothing and from accepting handouts.
May 11 Five members of the Barral family are savagely murdered at their farm 16 kilometers from Sétif.
May 13 Seventeen Moslem families are kidnapped from Gambetta.
May 13 François Gabet, Mayor of Kolea for 30 years, is murdered while paying his workers.
May 13 Farm manager André Mougeot is killed in Mouzaiaville.
May 16 Constable Lucien Morell is killed in Blida.
May 17 The wife of the Prefect of Strasbourg is killed while opening a package sent to the Prefect by the “North African Club”, a German organization that supports the FLN.May 20
A decree creates 8 new departments in northern Algeria. The departments of Médéa, Orléansville, Tizi Ouzou are separated from Algiers. The departments of Batna and Sétif are separated from Constantine. The departments of Mostaganem, Tiaret and Tlemcen are separated from Oran.
May 20 The bodies of two constables, André Saston and Julien Grognier, are discovered near M’Sila. Their throats were cut.May 20
Police detective Sahnouni is killed in Batna.
May 20 Seventy year old Jean Riquelme is murdered in Saida.
May 21 The Government of French Premier Guy Mollet is defeated.
May 21 A detachment of 5th BTA is ambushed near Médéa. A Captain and 10 infantrymen are killed. The rebels suffer 1 dead and 2 wounded.
May 22 Two men are murdered in Tlemcen. Corporal Roger Labade is killed by 3 bullets to the head. Retired postal worker Emile Monnier is shot once in the neck.
May 22 Twenty year old Pierre Chambon is stabbed to death in Franchetti.
May 22 Farmer Louis Magnin is murdered in Dombasle.
May 23 Colonel Bigeard’s 3rd RPC hunts down the rebels responsible for the May 21st ambush of the 5th BTA. A two day battle at Agounennda ends with 96 rebels killed and 12 captured. The French lose 8 dead and 29 wounded.May 25
Bakery owner Jean Soldevilla is mortally wounded in Algiers.
May 26 Ali Chekkal, former Vice President of the Algerian Assembly, is killed while seated beside President René Coty during the final match of the French Football Cup at the Stade de Colombes in Paris. His assassin, Mohamed Ben Sadok, is arrested and sentenced to life at hard labor.
May 26 Mr. Ligols, the caretaker of a radio transmitter in Maison Blanche, is murdered.
May 28 FNL rebels, acting on orders from Wilaya 3 commander Mohamedi Saïd, massacre the inhabitants of Mechta-Kasbah, a Moslem hamlet near Melouza in Kabylia. 300 people are killed and 150 wounded in the attack which former Abwehr agent Saïd hopes to blame on the French military.
May 29 The FLN attacks the city of Melouza, a stronghold of the rival Mouvement Nationaliste Algérienne. The raiders kill, cut the throats of and emasculate 338 Moslems.
May 29 Mohamed Mahiddine, leader of the FLN in the south of France, is murdered in Marseilles.
May 29 Veteran soccer players Emmanuel Vera and Jean Sanchez are killed in Oran.
May 30 Eighty men from the Ouled Zerrouki and Ouled Ben Benkhoua factions are assembled at the Sahli Kadda farm 18 kilometers from Saida by rival terrorists who gun them down. The wounded are finished off with axes and knives. Thirteen men escape the massacre.
May 30 Twenty men gathered at the residence of Belkacem Mostefa are machine-gunned. Eight are killed and 4 wounded.
May 30 Jean-Baptiste Chadry, 57 year old, father of 5 children, is killed at Bouguirat. Chadry’s throat is slit by two of his oldest Moslems farmworkers.May 30
Farm manager Simon Pons is killed with an ax at Mascara.
May 31 Mascara Mayor Adda Chentouf is murdered at the Zaouia of Sid Abdallah.
June 1 Thirty five Moslems are killed by the FLN at Wagram near Saïda.
June 2 American Senator John F. Kennedy, a supporter of Algerian independence, declares, “Algeria will cease to be an exclusively French problem.” June 2
Mr. Lucas, a pharmacist, is stabbed to death by a terrorist in El Mila.
June 3 Eight people are killed and 90 wounded when three bombs planted lampposts explode in three quarters of Algiers.
June 3 Gardener Raymond Sanchez, a 54 year old gardener and father of 7 children, is kidnapped and murdered at El Mila.
June 4 Edouard Samson, President of the Délégation Spéciale, is arrested at Rovigo by the DST for collusion with the FLN.
June 6 The new Caid of La Sénia, Mohamed Smahi, is murdered by the terrorists.
June 9 Eleven people are killed and 85 wounded when an FLN bomb explodes beneath the orchestra pit of the Casino de la Corniche near Algiers. The bomber, Yacef Saadi, declares that he planted the device to avenge the massacre at Melouza.
June 9 Farmer Roger Bromeng is killed on his property at Sétif.
June 10 The Clos de L’Oasis farm is ransack and burned.June 11
Violent demonstrations erupt in Algiers during the funeral service for the victims of the Casino de la Corniche bombing. Six people, five of them Moslems, are killed. Forty nine people, including two paratroopers, are injured.
June 11 Police Brigadier Caid Omar Bena Ouda is cut down by revolver fire in Mostaganem.
June 12 The Government of French Premier Bourges Maunoury takes office.
June 12 Henri Alleg, publisher of Alger Républicain, the Communist newspaper, is arrested.
June 13 Yves-René Sintes is stabbed to death at Fort De L’Eau.June 18
Landowner Georges Villemin and his manager Mr. Sultana are killed at Jemmapes.
June 21 Caid Mediba and a rural guard are shot and killed in an ambush at Noisy Les Bains.
June 21 A terrorist band kills 2 Frenchmen and 2 Moslems in Frenda.
June 23 Sixteen year old Marie-France Perea is killed in a grenade explosion at Sidi Bel Abbes.
June 23 Driver Pierre Carvajal is killed behind the wheel of his car at Hammam Bou Adjar.
June 25 The French Army seizes bomb building materials and 33 nearly completed bombs.
June 25 Farmers Joseph Haentzel and René Roger Epplim are murdered at Franchetti near Saida.
June 26 At the request of General Salan, Defense Minister Andre Morice grants priority to the construction of an electrified and mined fence along the Tunisian border (the Morice Line). It will be reinforced north of Souk Ahras by the Challe Line in June 1958.
June 28 Farmer Marius Collet is killed while tending his field at Combas.
July 2 Senator John F. Kennedy responds to President Eisenhower’s recognition of Algeria as an integral French territory with a renewed call for Algerian independence.July 4
Laborers Auguste Lauro and Georges Mintub and foreman Napoleone, are murdered in workshop at Saint Antoine.
July 4 The body of Jean Ruiz, age 70, kidnapped by the rebels, is found near Bouhanifa.
July 4 Henry Bendayan and Jean Denot are shot to death at Perrégaux.
July 4 Farmer Joseph Ganci is killed in Bône.
July 5 A sixty man delegation representing the French veterans of the World Wars, the Resistance and the Indochina War arrives in Algiers.
July 7 At 11 o’clock in ceremonies before Algiers’ Monument to the Dead and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the representatives of Metropolitan French veterans swear the following oath; “United by their faith in the grandeur and future of France, upholders of the National honor, loyal to the memory of Frenchmen of all origins who fell in the defense of and for the liberation of their common Fatherland, two million veterans of the metropolis by our voice in Algeria, French land, swear to oppose by all means all measures which threaten the territorial integrity and unity of the nation.”July 11Abdelmadjid Chaker, Ahmed Ben Bella’s lawyer and liaison between his client and the FLN, is arrested on arrival from Tunisia at Orly Airport, Paris.July 12
Businessman Guillaume Galvani is killed in Constantine.
July 14 Algerian troops lead the Bastille Day parade down the Champs Élysée in Paris.
July 14 The Laghouat electric generating station is knocked out by FLN saboteurs.
July 15 FLN bomber, Djamila Bouhired, is sentenced to death.
July 17 Colonel Si Chérif of Willaya 6 along with his 330 man rebel force rallies to the French cause at Aïn Boucif in the southern Algiers region.
July 17 Brigadier Deble of the Water and Forestry Service is murdered in Molière.
July 17 Jean Rambaud is mortally wounded and farmers Joseph Gah and Antoine Ahard are kidnapped from Sétif and taken to Tunisia by force.
July 17 Rebels slit the throat of Mr. Porff, an 85 year old, at his farm in Martinprey.
July 17 The owner of la Brasserie Centrale is killed in Perrégaux.
July 17 Mr. L’Hermite is killed in front of his home in Mascara.July 18
Five people are killed and 3 wounded when five bombs explode in the center of Algiers.
July 19 José Hernandez is killed and two people are wounded when a bomb explodes in Oran.
July 19 Water and Forestry Agents Labarde and Marchal are killed in an attack at Tigzirt.
July 19 Gabriel Munier is murdered on his farm at Cavaignac.
July 19 Railway worker Gaston Moretti is killed at Blida.
July 25 Three FLN terrorists are executed at the Algiers prison.
July 27 The FLN plants 8 bombs in Algiers in reprisal for the executions of July 25th. Three are disarmed before they explode. Two of them prematurely exploded killing the bombers. Berazaouane Saïd is killed when the bomb he is carrying explodes on the Boulevard de la Victoire on the heights of the Casbah.
July 28 Second Lieutenant Ben Chérif deserts with several of his men after cutting the throats of 14 conscripts including 8 Moslems.
July 28 Cemetery caretaker Louis Bernand is killed in Aumale.
July 30 Jeweler Gabriel Seymann is mortally wounded in Bône.
August 2 Six people are killed and 4 wounded in an FLN attack targeting Moslems in Paris.
August 7 The Saharan territories are organized into the departments of Oasis and Saoura.
August 7 The Tin Essamei D oil well catches fire. It burns for several weeks before being extinguished by Texas oil fire specialist Red Adair.
August 11 A grenade explodes in a market at Aumale killing 2 people and wounding 20. The victims are all Moslems.
August 11 A bomb explodes in Bône store killing the owner, Raymond Zitoun.
August 13 Farmer Antoine Fuster is killed and 3 members of his family are wounded in an ambush at Mascara.
August 14 Police Brigadier Joseph Paccioni goes missing from Aumale.
August 23 Ali Thela is attacked by terrorists a 2 in the afternoon in front of his home on the Avenue Maréchal Foch, Ténés.
August 24 Rebels stop a car driven by Henri Baussier on the Talafa Road in Cavaignac. Baussier and his 13 year old son Jean are killed. Robert Baniere, a passenger in the vehicle, goes missing. The 3 were returning from a visit to Ali Thela the day before.
August 24 Sheik Ben Tekkouk and his son Zin are killed at Bouguirat.
August 26 The Army traps Kamel and Mourad, the leaders of an FLN bombing network, at a house on the Impasse St Vincent de Paul in Algiers’ Casbah. The rebels put up a stiff resistance for over two hours during which four of them are killed. Two soldiers die and seven are wounded in the operation which results in the recovery of 32 bombs.August 26
The synagogue in Orléansville is burned.
August 26 Seven members of two farm families are massacred by the fellagha at the Mandourah Estate in Courbet.
August 26 Three Moslems are burned to death in an attack and fire in a tavern at Lille, France.
August 27 Seven people, 5 soldiers and 2 civilians, are killed in an attack on a convoy on the Dublineau Road, Mascara.
August 27 José Rens is killed in front of a farm at La Chiffa.
August 29 Farmer Claude Malrdeau is murdered on his parents’ property in Miliana.August 31
A retired schoolteacher, Mr. Aoulmeur, and the Vice President of the City Administrative Commission die from wounds sustain in a terrorist attack at Orléansville.
September 2 Gendarme Louis Chauvin is killed by a grenade explosion and three other people are injured in the attack at Sétif.
September 2 Fellaghas kill Richard Swartz, the guard at the Serrah Mill, and bayonette Alexandre Grosso at Fermatou.
September 2 Constable Pareder is killed by a shot through the heart in Relizane.
September 3 A child is killed and 6 other people are killed in a grenade attack on a Constantine apartment building.
September 3 Three people are wounded in a grenade attack on a Constantine café.
September 15 An electrified fence along the Tunisian border is completed.
September 22 Farida and Jeanne Marie Francés, directors of the committee of the FLN Algiers Autonomous Zone, are arrested.
September 24 Yacef Saadi, leader of the FLN terrorist network in the Algiers Autonomous Zone, and Zohra Drif are arrested on the Rue Caton in the Casbah.
September 24 Colonel Pierre Jeanpierre and an adjudant of the 1st Régiment Étranger Parachustiste are wounded when a terrorist they are attempting to arrest sets off a handgrenade.
September 26 Rebels slit the throat of Ali Ben Manhar in front of his wife and children in Loverdo.
September 27 M. E. Bekkat, Secretary General of the USTA, an MNA front group, is assassinated in Paris.
September 29 Eighteen people are wounded in a grenade attack at Mostaganem.
September 29 Nine people are injured in a grenade attack at Oran.
September 29 A resettlement center in Lannoy is the target of an arsonist.
September 29 Farmer Armand d'Ingrado is killed at Saint Arnaud.
September 30 The Government of Premier Bourgès-Maunoury resigns following the National Assembly’s defeat of a proposal to create a single electoral college in Algeria.September 30
Eleven people including two children are wounded in a grenade attack at Philippeville.
October 1 The French Army in Algeria numbers 377,000 men.
October 1 Two people are killed when rebels machinegun vehicles on the roadway near Ain El Turck.
October 1 Farmer Gérard Rigaud is murdered at Tenira.
October 2 Two detachments of the 110th Moroccan Infantry Regiment suffer heavy causalities in an ambush south of Aflou.
October 2 Raymond Laquiere, age 31, is murdered near his farm at Felix Faure.
October 2 Armand Soler, age 20, is killed in downtown Tizi Ouzou.
October 3 Eighty Moslem families are kidnapped by the rebels on the Tunisian border.
October 3 A French reconnaissance plane is shot down over Sakiet Sidi Youssef, Tunisia.
October 3 François Iborra is murdered in one of his workshops at Perrégaux.
October 3 Postmaster Georges Ferrer is kidnapped at Fondouk.
October 3 Tenant farmer Baptiste Tur is kidnapped at Cherchell.
October 4 The body of farm guard François Marco, who was kidnapped by the rebels, is discovered at Parmentier.
October 5 In France, Francis Jeanson, founder of an FLN aid network goes underground.
October 8 Troops surround the hideout of Ali la Pointe, Hassiba ben Bouali, Mahmoud Bou Hamidi and Petit Omar on Rue Abderamés in Algiers’ Casbah. The rebels refuse to come out. The Paras plant a small plastic charge to bring down the wall separating them from the fugitives. The blast ignites explosives stored in hideout. An adjacent building collapses. Twenty four people are killed and several, including five French soldiers, are injured.October 8
Eleven people including a retired railway worker, a Moslem trader and Legionnaire are killed in terrorist attacks at Sidi Bel Abbes.
October 11 Roland Schmitt is murdered on his farm at Picard.
October 15 Benhamida Abderhamane, the last leader of FLN’s Algiers Autonomous Zone still at large, is arrested.October 16
Colonel Yves Godard and Captain Christian Léger sow disorder in the Algiers wilaya. They leave a trail of forged letters leading the FLN to suspected traitors in it ranks. The accused traitors hasten to denounce still more suspects and thousands are victimized by the purge that follows.
October 17 A 60 man Saharan unit kills the 8 European Méharistes and deserts to the FLN taking their arms and equipment with them.
October 17 Nine Moslems are tortured and killed by FLN terrorist in front of the assembled villagers in the Douar of Smir in the Algiers Department.
October 17 André Cathala, a 29 year old farmworker is killed by the rebels at Guelma.
October 18 Rebels kill two soldiers and a civilian in Tlemcen.
October 19 Seven soldiers of the 6th Battalion Coloniale d’Artillerie are killed in an ambush near Michelet.October 21
Three people are wounded in a grenade attack on a brasserie in Fort De L'Eau.
October 24 Lieutenant Roger Guy, age 25, is murdered along the Robertville road at Sidi Mesrich.
October 24 Two farmers, the Baldini brothers, are gravely wounded by rifle shots near Saint Antoine.
October 24 Vincent Vanucci, age 78, succumbs to wounds inflicted by a killer in Constantine.
October 25 Hocine Cherchali, former assistant to the Mayor of Algiers, is cut down by terrorists in the Sévres-Babylone station of the Paris metro along with Ahmed Bekhat, Secretary of the Algerian Workers Union.
October 31 Henri Borgeaud, Senator from Algiers, escapes an attack in Paris.
November 3 One person is killed and 21 are injured in grenade attacks on two Arab cafés in Algiers.
November 5 The Government of Premier Félix Gaillard takes office in France.
November 6 Haït Ahcène, representative of the FLN in West Germany is killed by agents of the Red Hand, counter terrorist organization in Bonn.
November 7 Seven members of a French oil exploration team and 9 legionnaires are massacred by the FLN near Timmons in the Sahara .
November 7 Retired Colonel Riez, head of North African Social Services, is killed by several shots from a revolver at Saint Etienne, France.
November 7 Policeman Benoît Ceccaldi is shot to death during a security sweep in Oran.
November 8 Salesman Marcel Kilo, the father of 4 children, is killed in a Bône fabric store.
November 8 Herbillon municipal councilor Chemise is killed.
November 9 An airborne operation is launched against rebels attacking oil workers in the Timimoun region of the Sahara .
November 9 French troops raid and destroy six FLN training camps in Morocco.
November 11 Robert Lacoste ends the draft deferments of most Algerian students.
November 15 France protests British and American arms shipments to Tunisia claiming they are in fact destined for delivery to the FLN.
November 15 The Lieutenant commanding the SAS detachment in the village of Chatoyant and a rural guard are murdered. The village mayor is missing.
November 16 One person is killed and 3 others wounded in a grenade attack on a Bône café.
November 19 FLN terrorists kill 6 North Africans and wound 2 others in suburban Paris hotel.
November 21 The Battle of Timimoun, in the Sahara, ends with 45 rebels killed and 6 captured. French forces lose 12 soldiers.
November 22 The sergeant of the local Unités Territorial, Raymond Verge, is killed in Mascara.
November 26 Raymonde Peschard, a member of the Algerian Communist Party, is killed during a skirmish near Bordj Bou Arrerridj while serving as a nurse to the rebels.
November 27 Abdelkader Bamako, Secretary of State for Algeria, is the target of an assassination attempt in Paris.
November 29 The National Assembly approves an organic act and electoral law for Algeria.
November 30 The Hassi Messaoud - Bougie petroleum pipeline is placed in service.
December 2 Marcel Bigeard, age 42, becomes the youngest Colonel in the French Army.
December 2 A grenade explosion wounds Mme. Marie-Jeanne Duran ton and her 21 month old child in Oran.
December 4 Saboteurs derail the Constantine – Philippeville train at Grasonville. Four soldiers are killed and 2 are injured.December 6
Pierre Lagaillarde, Reserve Second Lieutenant, is elected to head the General Association of Algerian Students (AGEA).
December 10 Albert Camus is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times". He declares in regards to Algeria, “Between justice (for Moslems) and my mother (Algeria) I choose my mother.”December 10Nine people are wounded in a grenade attack on a Blida bar.
December 12 Rival gangs of Algerian Moslems settle scores in Paris. Seven people are killed and 18 injured.
December 13 Pharmacist Augusta Barbate is stabbed to death by a terrorist in Bone.
December 13 Farmer Louis Cuomo is killed with an ax at Philippeville.
December 19 An Air France flight lands safely at Lyon following the explosion of a bomb believed to have been planted by the FLN. Damage to the plane is minor and no one is injured.
December 20 Michel Debré writing in Le Courrier de la Colère declares, "the abandonment of French sovereignty in Algeria is an illegitimate act, i.e. which it puts those which make it and those responsible for it outlaws".
December 20 Two young women and grocer Larbi Mohamed are killed when fellaghas open fire with a machine-gun in an Oran street.
December 26 Abbane Ramdane, exiled in Morocco, is executed by his comrades under orders from Colonel Abdelhafid Boussouf. An Algiers street is later named for him as a, “Martyr of the Revolution”.December 26
A grenade attack on an Oran bar kills one person and wounds 6 others.
December 27 Farmworker Juan Martinez is killed by a revolver shot near the village of Corso.
December 31 A 200 kilometer aqueduct supplying the city of Oran with drinking water opens.

saying goodbye

2009-06-02T19:56:00.000-07:00

I lost 2 very significant people to me in the last year. The first was my son born in September. The second was my very best friend who lived next door who was there for me when my little girl was born and she was there the night my son died.

How do I say goodbye when hello is all I want to say?
All I want to do is close my eyes and my baby is back besides me and my friend is still alive. I miss her so much. Her name was Julie. What have well all done in our lives to keep living in other peoples hearts? She loved me when no one did. She threw a party for my baby girl. She bought my baby son things and when he died, she came as much as she could and stayed with me, even when she was dying of cancer. She was more there for me than able bodied people.

I grieve so much for my son and for Lori. I have started to understand that its completely ok to turn corners in your life and become more somber. I remember years ago I would sing and shout and dance at the drop of a hat. I loved without abandon and took chances. Since I lost my baby and my friend, I am still joyous. I just understand things so much more. I understand that sometimes there are minutes and moments that define you. I understand that you need to tell people each and every day how much you love them. I learned that even the most amazing things are not forever and we all will face these things at one time or another. I learned to make each and every single day a memory so you do not have regrets. There are so many things I wanted to give Julie. She was dying of cancer most of the 12 years that I knew her with it slowly progressing, then extremely rapid the last year. And now she is gone. My children, especially my 13 year old are devastated. I miss her so much. I miss on levels that I cannot explain. Her husband asked me to write a book about Julie and I think I just might. I think each one of us has a little Julie in them. Julie used to carry candy in her pockets and give candy away to neighborhood kids and always buy them christmas and birthday presents. She was always more than other people.. even though she struggled to breathe and walk....She always cried because she could not have kids. I told her not a whole lot of people want my kids,.. I said please be part of their life.. and my children and my suffering opened the door for her to be a second mother to them. I took off all the rules and said please love them as much as you want to... And me and Julie talked about life, abuse, dreams, things we wants. We collected frogs together and shared our outdoor frogs. She babysat 3 years ago when I wanted to go out for a few hours. She bought my kids chocolate and popcorn and loved them . How am I going to say goodbye to her? She died Saturday and I am having such a hard time saying goodbye to the person who was the most there for me the last 12 years

ALGERIAN SUNS

2009-06-02T19:36:00.000-07:00

I actually have had people ask me how to buy the book ALGERIAN SUNS. Its for sale on ebay. Its also for sale on amazon and barnesandnoble . You just type in ALGERIAN SUNS. You can also click on this link as well. I had to throw in a couple of more books and a rai cd to make the amazon widget. All anyone has to do is click on the book and it will connect you to amazon..

Amazon.com Widgets

Baaziz

2009-05-19T20:25:00.000-07:00

I love this guy. I have made several videos with his music on my blogs and in my youtube channel.

Here he is singing with Syrine. He is so so so good

Rayha Win?

2009-05-14T18:41:00.000-07:00

Where are you going girl?

This song is so amazing... RAYHA WIN

THE BATTLE OF ALGIERS

2009-05-13T20:41:00.000-07:00

This movie was really the turning point in my life with Algeria.. Its an amazing movie...

Amazon.com Widgets

Going on with your life when you think you just cannot

2009-05-13T20:32:00.000-07:00

I think alot of my attachment to Algeria has to do with the fact that Algerians were there when I felt like no one was there...

I loved this movie that was done about the years 1988 to 1998 by an Algerian on youtube. Its really good. Its about the Algerian civil war

Darja

2009-05-13T20:18:00.000-07:00

What is DARJA? Its the language that many Algerians speak..Its not exactly Arabic.. its a mix of all kinds of words.. in fact you can get so used to darja that you do not even speak arabic anymore. Its a special dialect in Algeria... Kabilyes talk another language called tamazight but in Algeria, most people speak Algerian darja

This is Oran's dialect of Darja... If you play this for someone who speaks primarily arabic, they might not understand everything everyone was saying

Algiers dialect

A song in Tamazight

One of the most significant books about RAI and ORAN's MUSIC that I have ever read

2009-05-13T20:12:00.000-07:00

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http://www.estradasphere.com/eshop/index.php?main_page=product_music_info&products_id=124

This is a link to underground rai music

A review of his book from MSN

Rai music is often called the voice of the voiceless in Algeria, a society currently swept by tragic conflict. Rai is the voice of Algerian men, young men caught between generations and classes, in political strife, and in economic inequality. In a ground-breaking study, anthropologist Marc Schade-Poulsen uses this popular music genre as a lens through which he views... More Algerian society, particularly male society. He situates rai within Algerian family life, moral codes, and broader power relations.Schade-Poulsen did his research in the 1990s, in clubs, recording studios, at weddings, and with street musicians. He describes the history of rai, which emerged in the late 1970s and spread throughout North Africa at the same time the Islamist movement was growing to become the most potent socio-political movement in Algeria.Outsiders consider rai to be Western in origin, but Schade-Poulsen shows its Islamic roots as well. The musicians do use Western instruments, but the music itself mixes Algerian popular songs and rhythms with the beat of American disco, Egyptian modalities, Moroccan wedding tunes, and the songs of Julio Iglesias. The lyrics deal with male-female relationships but also with generational relationships and the problems of youth, as they struggle to find a place in a conflicted society.

Interesting books about Rai music

2009-05-13T20:04:00.000-07:00

I have read some interesting books about RAI music, the rebel music from Algeria and I thought I would post some links here about them from amazon and some clips so you can hear the music. Alot of people who live in in the USA from Morocco claim rai as their own, but RAI, the real thing is from ORAN ALGERIA and it is purely ALGERIAN...

Here are some MP3s available that show you the music of Oran, Algeria

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So you wanna go to Algeria and go on vacation and you are American?

2009-05-13T19:55:00.000-07:00

Alot of people ask me how to go to Algeria. You have to get an invitation from someone from there and they have to notarise it in the county hall or you can get confirmed reservations from a hotel there and an airplane reservation and then you apply for a visa with the Embassy in the country where you live. Getting tickets to Algeria is alot easier now but if you want to fly on Air Algerie from a European country, you have to buy from an authorised agent. There is an agent in California named Fawzi who sells for Southshore Travel . His email is fawzi@southshoretravel.com or 510 865 5555. If you want to visit someone in Algeria, call him and he will give you great rates to travel there
The visa website is http://www.algeria-us.org/content/view/38/35/

What I dream about for Algeria

2009-05-12T15:08:00.000-07:00

I dream about an IMAX movie with horses running towards the front of the screen. I love this movie about Algiers.

Do you want to know a secret? The story begins.....
I LOVE YOU ALGERIA MY BELOVED....

One of my favorite movies about Algeria

2009-05-12T15:06:00.000-07:00

I love this song. I love this video. I love this channel. I like everything about this video. I wish I was driving in a car on this street and I could go back in time about 3 years before life got so sad for me..

Making movies about Algeria and sources

2009-05-12T15:00:00.001-07:00

I want to first and foremost apologise to anyone if I get facts incorrect about Algerian music or history because sometimes I have relied upon improper sources when talking about Algeria. Thats where you come in if you are Algerian. If something in one my videos is perhaps not what you think is correct , please feel free to post a correction and I will do my best to correct the inaccuracies.

Souad Massi

2009-05-09T21:38:00.000-07:00

I first heard her about 3 years ago but honestly, there is just not alot available in English about her and her life. Souad escaped Algeria in the dark years to reinvent herself in Paris.

Here is a set of clips by Souad.

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Jon Kiser

2009-05-09T21:23:00.000-07:00

One of the first books I read about Algeria was written by Jon. He tells the story of Emir Abdelkader as he recounts the murder of the monks outside of Medea.

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Few Americans heard about it, but the story gripped Europe (and especially France) during the summer of 1996: The mysterious kidnapping and murder of seven Trappist monks living in the Algerian village of Tibhirine at their monastery of Notre-Dame de l'Atlas. John W. Kiser III tells their story, or at least what parts of it can be known; much of what happened to them remains unclear, including the motives of their captors. Parts of The Monks of Tibhirine are grim, but this is an unavoidable fact of the case. The monks' bodies, for instance, never have been found--except for their heads. Kiser describes the scene: "The monks' desiccated faces, hollow eye sockets, and exposed teeth made them look like mummies." (Apparently they had been buried, then disinterred.) Readers looking for a nonfiction thriller won't find it on these pages, however. Much of the book is a history of monks living in Algeria, and much of the rest chronicles the good relationships the seven doomed monks shared with their Muslim neighbors. Their devotion to both their faith and their neighbors is inspiring; the way they died is abhorrent. --John Miller

Songs of the Algerian Revolution

2009-05-09T21:15:00.000-07:00

Tlemcen and Sid Boumediene

2009-05-09T21:09:00.000-07:00

The sufi way....

Not the sufi way but funny as heck and yes this would be sooooooooo me

Can you love Algeria and not be a political person?

2009-05-09T20:55:00.000-07:00

I have never really gotten in the middle of politics or controversial subjects concerning Algeria although most things I read bring something up at one time or another. I think alot of this has to do with the fact that I do not take ownership of Algeria. I am just an outsider and that is all I will ever be, an outsider looking in. I still love Algeria but how the heck would I ever know what life is like growing up there or what it is like to be =Arab or Kabilye etc. I just really like the history, culture and music. I just think I will leave politics to the Algerians... I think Algerians understand themselves a heck of a lot better than I will ever understand them...Americans try anyway....I get overwhelmed with emotion when I read or hear about the dark decade and things that happened and I get besides myself because I care so deeply. I am just not from there and not being from there means I am in the dark as to what life has been like for Algerians living there.

Amelie in Montmartre

2009-05-09T20:52:00.000-07:00

Do we all have a theme song? I think this would be my "Happy Paris Song"

as opposed to my "Sad Paris Song"

After I lost my son, this song took over my soul... I am sick , Dalida sings... I am sick.. I think everything that made me sick was just not important. Real heartache makes you sick...broken hearted and sick

One of my favorite videos on the web about CAMUS

2009-05-09T20:51:00.001-07:00

I saw these pictures of Camus and was blown away....

Albert Camus and Algeria

2009-05-09T20:43:00.000-07:00

You cannot really understand Albert Camus until you understand what life was like in Colonial Algeria. His books all center on day to day life in Colonial Algeria. To understand Camus, you need to understand where he grew up. Algeria gave Camus his wings and his soul. His books were based on the day to day struggles between Arabs and Pied Noirs and if a person studying philosophy can truly study Algeria along with reading Camus, the books come alive. I never really understood the Stranger and the Plague until I went to Algeria and understood what life was like for a Pied Noir and an Arab at that time. Camus does not belong to people who live in ivory towers. He belongs to all of us..He was earthy and alive and human

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Malcom X, Frantz Fanon and black nationalism

2009-05-09T20:28:00.000-07:00

Frantz Fanon once said: "The resistance is ugly because the occupation is ugly".

Wretched of the Earth, written by Frantz Fanon was held up by Malcom X because he saw how Algeria freed itself and in the 1960s blacks were being killed while registering to vote....The Algerian revolution had a huge effect on the civil rights movement.

FANON

2009-05-09T20:22:00.000-07:00

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Tahar Djaout

2009-05-09T20:16:00.000-07:00

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Marsaoui

2009-05-09T16:12:00.000-07:00

One of the kings of 80s rai.... he had the distinctive rai voice ..

Cheba Fadela and Saharaoui

2009-05-09T16:09:00.001-07:00

In the real story of Oran's Rai, you have to know the story of Fadela and Saharaoui, who fell in love and sang together. While no longer together, their love lives on in song....YOU ARE MY EYES sings FADELA

You also see RACHID BABA AHMED who was murdered, their producer and one of the first to mix electronic music with RAI...He was murdered in the mid 90s

Cheba Fadela and Saharaoui

2009-05-09T16:09:00.000-07:00

The song YA MENFI

2009-05-05T11:00:00.000-07:00

This song was most likely composed in 1871 and references the exile of Algerians to New Caledonia and how much they suffered being away from Algeria. The french sent Algerians to New Caledonia, most were Kabilye and participated in uprisings against the French Army. France responded by exiling them to far away French possesions. This song YA MENFI has been covered by many artists. MENFI means "exile".

YA MENFI by AKHLI YAHYATEN

The beginning of the legendary 1 2 3 Soleils with Khaled and Faudel and Taha

Ya Rayah and what it means to Algerians

2009-05-05T08:48:00.000-07:00

If there was a song that any Algerian would recognise, it would be YA RAYAH by DAHMANE EL HARRACHI. Its been covered by Rai Singers...street singers and most Algerians after hearing a few notes will know it...Here is the beloved YA RAYAH in 2 versions. One old and one popularised by Rachid Taha.

Rachid's version

And no I am not kidding, An INDIAN VERSION OF THIS ALGERIAN SONG... I am a little horrified.. hhahahah

Raina Rai YA ZINA

2009-05-05T08:34:00.000-07:00

There are moments in your life you never forget. I cannot even looking back compare what I felt the first time listening to this song YA ZINA by RAINA RAI to other things that have happened in my life but it was a beautiful healing moment. My first book that I wrote called BIG MAHBOULA talks about my love for RAINA RAI. I wanted to post this song because YA ZINA is about the closest thing Algeria has to a Santana like anthem. I got a chance to see them live in December 2007. Lofti Attar the lead guitarist is so unbelievably good and you can literally feel yourself lifting out of your body when he plays. They are from ( RAINA RAI) a little city outside of ORAN called SIDI BEL ABBES. Raina Rai has been touring outside of Algeria in the past . Lately I think they are playing gigs in the arab world and Algeria. I think gigs alone in Algeria keep them pretty busy. Ya Zina, the song basically says Hey Beautiful, pour me some tea ( Hence DIRI LA TAY) Drinking tea is a pretty normal occurance in Algeria, they drink tea and coffee everyday ....not like most of us Americans who drive through drive thru and drink our lattes. Life a few years ago in Algeria was alot slower... Its seems to have sped up a great deal lately.Here are some alblums that have ya zina on it and the book I wrote a few years ago about RAI.

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Here is another video of Lofti Attar. I actually got a chance to talk to him for a while and I think he really really loves hard core American blues and would feel very at home at a HOUSE OF BLUES jamming with some old deep south guitarists. Rock on Lofti.

Hasni's Message

2009-05-02T08:09:00.000-07:00

Hasni, the father of lover's rai from Oran who was killed tragically in the mid 90's produced over 400 songs... This song called BRAS BOUYA ( LE CONSULAT) is about an Algerian guy trying to get a visa to France to see his love.

Keyboard player on youtube named FOUAD RAI http://www.youtube.com/user/FOUADRAI

The actual track produced in Oran, Algeria. Much of rai and Algerian music focuses on the pain of leaving Algeria and love and loss

Heart and Soul and Nedjma

2009-05-02T07:46:00.000-07:00

Understanding Algeria's story can sometimes be helped by reading. Nedjma remains one my favorite books. I made a little carosel of some of my favorite Algerian writers..Kateb Yacine,Tahar Djaout and Assia Djebar. These are all english translations and would give an English reader a good start

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Cheikha Rimitti's incredible influence on Algerian music

2009-05-02T07:40:00.000-07:00

I have a hard time describing my love for Cheikha Rimitti. I hear her music in much the same way I heard it for the first time in Paris in 2001. You have to know her story to understand her music...

Khaled basically copied her and created the song Le Kamel.

Her soul filled life started as an abandoned child singing in bars for soldiers. She became a world famous world music star living a full life and inspiring the origins of modern rai

Inspector Tahar

2009-05-02T07:31:00.000-07:00

One of the first characters I learned about who was from Algeria was INSPECTOR TAHAR. He was an Algerian comedian who was quite frankly amazing and funny and was popular during the 1970's.

He died quite young but is still very beloved in Algeria

His name was Hadj Abderrahmane. He died in 1981.

So you wanna know more about Algerian music and do not know where to start?

2009-05-02T07:22:00.000-07:00

I think the most important thing to do is understand the depth of emotion behind the music of Algeria. I myself have a hard time describing my fascination with Algeria but honestly it all started with Algerian music. What would I tell an American or English speaking person to listen to get acquainted with Algerian music? I think would have alot to do with what music they already listen to.

Some recommendations for the first time listener to Algerian music. There are so many more to choose from but I tried to come up with a good first sampling

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What we all become in the end...

2009-04-30T14:02:00.000-07:00

I think we all become sisters in one way or another...through birth and love, life and death.. Its so sad that petty things keep us all apart in this world when we really have so much in common in the end . I miss Algeria so much.. Its been more than a year since I went there..but after Rayan died all I can think of was what would life be like if I could have brought him with me there...

Biyouna dances to Cheba Djenet's Matajoubouliche

2009-04-30T14:00:00.000-07:00

This song is song by Cheba Djenet about the love of her life when he traveled to France and left her behind. Biyouna ,the famed Algerian comediene dances to it in the 2004 VIVE L'ALGERIE

This song was one of sound tracks of my life and the reason I became interested originally in travelling to Oran, Algeria...

Vive L'Algerie

2009-04-30T13:57:00.000-07:00

One of the critical turning points of my life was seeing this movie. I became obsessed with visiting Algeria....and my heart cried just like Biyouna's song in this clip...

Walesh...why did you throw me down a well..LOOK AT AMAZING ALGIERS>>>> I LOVE ALGERIA FOREVER AND FOREVER...

From the New York Times about the photographing of Algerian women by the French

2009-04-30T13:47:00.000-07:00

THE COLONIAL HAREM By Malek Alloula. Translated by Myrna Godzich and Wlad Godzich. Introduction by Barbara Harlow. Illustrated. 135 pp. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Cloth, $29.50. Paper, $13.95.

IN the postcard, the beautiful Fatmah is wearing elaborately draped trousers with an embroidered and beaded vest. On her head is a jeweled turban, around her forehead are more beads, and her neck and ankles are weighted with chains and worked metals. She leans against a carpet, careful, in this pose and in others, to show the cigarette in her hand.

According to Malek Alloula, an Algerian poet who lives and writes in France, Fatmah is a phantasm, a French colonial projection of a world that never truly existed, an oriental mystery whose secret lies not so much in what her exotic costume hides as in the imperialistic desires that evoked her image.

For 30 years at the beginning of this century, the French photographed Fatmah and other Algerian women, displaying their images on postcards that were sent back to France with casual or incidental messages. The real message of the cards, according to Mr. Alloula, whose book contains 90 photographic reproductions, was neither casual nor incidental, but was instead a sign of conquest, of Western designs on the Orient, of violence. Wanting to possess the Algerian land, French colonists first claimed the bodies of its women, using sex as a surrogate for an extension of another larger usurpation of culture.

Beyond doubt, many of these images are tawdry, and Mr. Alloula has arranged them in an increasing order of degradation, ending his book with what he calls an ''anthology of breasts'': women, naked to the waist, peer out of the postcards accompanied by captions like ''Want to party, honey?'' or ''Oh! Is it ever hot!'' or ''The Cracked Jug.'' The ordinarily hidden is made brutally visible; the private is perverted and made public. The model, Mr. Alloula tells us, ''in selling the image of her body . . . sells at the same time . . . the image of the body of Algerian women as a whole.'' ''These raided bodies are the spoils of victory, the warrior's reward.'' They are a surrogate for political and military conquest. Mr. Alloula's motive in writing this book and in compiling these images is, in his own words, to return ''this immense postcard to its sender.'' It is a belated form of confrontation with the French, or as Barbara Harlow, an assistant professor of English at the University of Texas at Austin who wrote the book's excellent introduction, suggests, a ''challenge and riposte.'' Through it Mr. Alloula reclaims a lost sense of honor; he recoups a former oppression - an oppression, he says unabashedly, that he takes personally: ''What I read on these cards does not leave me indifferent. It demonstrates to me . . . the desolate poverty of a gaze that I myself, as an Algerian, must have been the object of at some moment in my personal history.'' I AGREE with the art historian John Berger that one of the most valuable things we can do as critics is to restore photographs to their original contexts and thus recover the political and social memories associated with them. But the context revealed by Mr. Alloula's analysis is to me (another kind of spectator, neither French, Algerian nor male) as disturbing as the initial artifice that he unmasks.

For the deepest source of his anger seems not to derive from concern for the women who are the subjects of these photographs, but from ''the absence of . . . male society . . . its defeat, its irremediable rout.'' The challenge Mr. Alloula returns to the French, the cultural dialogue he initiates, remains male-centered and concerned with women as property and as symbolic marks of (dis)honor or status for the men in their families. If Algerian women were vulnerable and disgraced by their original display on colonial postcards, they are once again exposed by their display in this book. Their images leave them still silent and newly imprisoned by the very text that purports to liberate them. I cannot believe that the barred windows of the harem were solely the fictions of a colonial imagination

2009-04-30T08:47:00.000-07:00

I spend an awful lot of time thinking about Algeria. As you probably know from reading my bio, my little boy died in September. I have had a very hard time coming back from that and as time goes by, I seem to be doing a little better but I have an overwhelming sense of grief for him, although its turned more inwards. We still have each other, my baby and me but I have had to take care of my 4 year old and my 13 year old and not so much my older girl who is 22 but I have still got to be there in her life too. My sons death really consumed me. I grieved for him so hard that I aged 10 years in 2 months. I literally wanted to sleep on top of his grave and just stay there with him in the cemetary all the time but the reality is that my daughter who is only 4 needs to have Disney World and girl scouts and fun and a life and my 13year old needs his mom to be there for him. About 4 weeks ago, I went to visit his grave in the Greenwood Cemetary which is an old cemetary in downtown Orlando that even has Spanish American and Civil War graves and monuments and even a ghost tour. Next to my son's grave there is a bald eagle up in the tree that people take picture of ( the GREENWOOD CEMETARY BALD EAGLE AS HE IS KNOWN). There is also a little den of baby foxes with a sign ( warning baby foxes) Anyway, I got there at like 630 and lost track of time and when I got ready to leave, I drove up to the gates and discovered I was locked in the cemetary with no way out. I had to call 9 11 and it took them about 2 minutes to believe me ( I AM LOCKED IN THE CEMETARY... GET ME OUT OF HERE>) It was at that point that I decided that maybe I am going there too much. I took 2 weeks off and then I went yesterday and the day before so I am still going but I just get very upset when I am there too much and then sad when I do not go enough. Its been a while since my son died but I am not over it no matter how hard I try, I have serious problems moving past his death. I miss him so much.

I have done wrong things in my life....I have not been a perfect person...But I just feel so devastated and I ask myself, what in the world did I ever do wrong enough to experience this kind of trauma and grief? Since he died, I have been walking in trauma and grief, leaving it for weeks at a time and coming back to the same place of shock and horror over the loss of my son. I only want to hold him one more time and to kiss him and be with him but for the love of my other kids , I have got to pull it together. I write about him sometimes but I struggle to come to grips with the fact that I will never see him again. I miss him so much... Nothing in this life is more important than our children. Nothing.. Not broken marriages, foreclosures you name it... Our babies are our world and I thank God every day that I still have my other kids but I miss him so so so much. I miss my baby so so so so much.....

Newton Alonso Wells... An American artist who died in Algeria

2009-04-18T19:59:00.000-07:00

I have discovered an artist named Newton Wells who died in Algeria while painting and I have been looking for his work in the collections of the Smithsonian.

From what I can find out through old articles, Newton was a muralist that painted all over the world. He even painted entire hotel lobbies....http://books.google.com/books?id=ADHNERXVh-gC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=newton+wells+artist&source=bl&ots=_Nng3NZ16I&sig=Q1ipI3FQH_SgOt-u72WJamjPwRE#PPA124,M1

The Desoto County Court House has murals done by Wells. I wonder if they know he died in Algeria. Apparently Wells also developed over 430 hues and influenced the development of turn of the century Chicago Murals.

A note from one of his family on www.ancestry.com

Some adjustments are in order: Alonzo was born in Oct. 1823 in Bridport,
Vermont and the family moved the next year, 1824, to Brandon, NY
(very near Malone). Alonzo was a circuit Methodist minister and preached
in Northern NY for over 50 years. His wife, Newton's mother, Julia Angeline Cargin,
was b. Mar. 9, 1824 in Constable, NY and died April 26, 1886 in Constable, NY.
Newton died in Algeria on Jan. 10, 1923, and, we assume, that he was buried
there.

I wonder where he was buried in Algeria, how he ended up there and where he is right now?

Well I just found the obituary of his wife and it says that he died sketching arab tribes and was living at the time with his wife in Algeria. She returned to the US and ended up passing away in 1923
Born: Lisbon, New York 1852
Died: Algeria 1923

Algerian Exhibit at the GETTY in Los Angeles, California

2009-04-18T18:56:00.000-07:00

Walls of Algiers: Narratives of the City
May 19–October 18, 2009
The city of Algiers, renowned for its white walls cascading to the Mediterranean, historically sheltered a diverse population. During the Ottoman centuries (1529-1830), Algeria had been a semi-independent province of the empire. French rule (1830-1962) transformed Algeria. European norms and the French system of governance were imposed. The land was mapped, its peoples surveyed and classified, and dramatic interventions to urban fabrics enforced a new duality. In Algiers the "Arab" city on the hillside, known as the Casbah, was separated from the "French" or European city that spread out in districts below and around the Casbah. This division endured during the 132 years of French occupation leading to the War of Independence (19541962). More than a colonial capital, Algiers served as a testing ground for urban renewal with its walls extending metaphorically across the Mediterranean to take part in the search for modernity. Walls of Algiers: Narratives of the City, examines the city's complex history by considering its places and peoples through diverse 19th- and 20th-century visual sources. The exhibition will trace, for example, an itinerary of the Casbah and the European quarters through vintage postcards, and juxtapose the long-tradition of staged Orientalist representations of "indigenous" people with photojournalist coverage from the Algerian War.

ALGERIAN ARTIFACTS IN THE LOUVRE

2009-04-18T11:01:00.000-07:00

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgi_ZuqLews

Concerned about missing Algerian artifacts

2009-04-18T10:47:00.000-07:00

I have been deeply concerned about the lack of accountablity by the French and major US art institutions for missing Algerian art. I went to Paris a few weeks ago armed with drawings of missing Algerian artwork that was taken out of Algeria in the 1800s. Not only could I not find a single piece of Algerian sculpture, the website itself discusses ( the louvre) Algerian sculptures and they are not on display either. This is extremely puzzling . What the heck would it hurt the French to return these sculptures to Algeria so that they could at least be on display. The louvre is full of sculptures . What would it hurt for these few things that are labeled to be returned to Algeria where they rightly belong? I think what drives me completely batty is that they are not only not on display but they are not willing to let them be repatriated. Selfish and petty as far I am concerned

FA BRIDGEMAN

2009-04-18T10:37:00.000-07:00

I have been seeing alot of information about the American artist who documented his travels in Algeria. I have a book I bought called WINTERS IN ALGERIA published in 1889. Its so awesome to see all the tributes on the web to the American artists who painted Algeria in the late 1800s

My You Tube Channel about Algeria

2009-04-18T10:30:00.000-07:00

I started my youtube channel kwoolr in the fall of 2006 because I noticed there was very little about Algerian history in English on the web. One video by one, I started making little picture shows featuring Algerian artifacts. I bought these things off of ebay. I now have over 200 videos on youtube with over a thousand subcribers and I have alot of fun with it every day